Protection of the state against external enemies – one of country priorities. Such concept as militarization, new is not, but today it sounds more often in connection with the events which are taking place in world politics. This term very famous now, but what it means how this process influences life of people?
What is militarization?
This phenomenon happening in society. Militarization represents the changes connected with adaptation of science, economy, society, politicians and other spheres of the state life to militarism. The last is country ideology. Finding out, militarism – that it, we will select the main doctrine of this phenomenon – increase in military potential, improvement of military art and increase in economic costs of development of this direction. The militarism provides use of military force at permission of the internal or external conflicts of the state.
Militarization in the history
This term appeared in the middle of the XIX century, has the French origin. The concept explained a condition of the country to which led the politician of board Napoléon III. In these conditions the accumulation of military power of the state was necessary, and by the end of the 19th age of the concept "militarization" and "militarism" strongly located in a lexicon of historians and political scientists. Actively used these terms and at the beginning of the XX century when the territorial, political and economic conflicts of the capitalist countries led to open military opposition.
Militarization of the country
This process from an efficiency position for the state is considered as dual. Policy of militarism is characterized by the main line – orientation of economy on growth of military power which provides competitiveness of the country in the international arms race. It also generates the double relation to this process:
- On the one hand, militarization provokes continuous increase in expenses of the government budget at military-industrial needs, the maintenance of arms, armies. Because of it financing of social, cultural spheres of life of the country decreases.
- On the other hand, the military policy is an incentive for development of design, research activity diversely of the equipment, sciences.
Militarization of lands
Natural resources are strategic objects during accumulation of military power by the country or in case of existence of open opposition. Such state ideology as militarization, can provide use of lands for strengthening of the military sector. It can be both lands of own state, and the earth won. Process can include also militarization of public life of the people of these lands. In the conditions of this process their resources, directly territories can be used.
Militarization of economy
This phenomenon is integral from process of accumulation of military power. Militarization of economy is strengthening of the military sector and its financing in the total production of the state, the total direction of economic resources on strengthening of military power. Process is associated economy "voyenizirovannost" that occurs more often in damage of financing of other spheres of the state life that can become the reason of aggravation of impoverishment of the people. The caused damage is shown in:
- increase in budget deficit;
- derivation of resources and shots on the solution not of production tasks;
- delay of development of economy.
Work militarization
When it is total the military sector becomes stronger, it does not avoid personnel. In such conditions emergency measures can be taken. Militarization of work is an application of a rigid compulsory regulation of labor and household life of citizens, according to army samples. It means that for growth of military power of the state and against the background of reduction of number of the workers serving on productions such measures can be used as:
- increase in intensity of work of the population;
- the toughened labor discipline;
- purpose of overtime works;
- reduction of the outputs in civil spheres in favor of increase in production for military needs;
- transfer of civil spheres of production to independent providing.
Militarization of society
This process cannot but concern society. Considering, militarization – what is it what it influences, nj process for society is positioned as need, and in some cases it really is that. Attack threat from the outside, acts of terrorism – real danger which can overtake any state. It became the reason that now militarization of youth and other population groups is carried out. It means that at the people the awareness of need for accumulation of military power, contribution to it is formed.
Militarization of sport
The importance as to a way of development of sports skills and growth of consciousness of people is allocated for physical training in this process. Historical data demonstrate that before military operations in the countries taking part in them the collection of data on activists in the field of military physical training was made. Taking into account that militarization is a total direction of resources of the country to the military sector, also active development of sports with military and applied value is carried out. Militarization of sport is carried out in such ways:
- through educational process by creation of special departments, curriculum development with certain requirements;
- holding the mass actions including military and applied sports;
- increase in quantity of sports sections;
- holding mass competitions, training actions.
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