Geodesy – one of the most ancient sciences as development of a human civilization is impossible without knowledge which can be received with its help. In simple terms, it is science how to study and measure a surface and properties of earth crust, also it includes all data relating to the description of Earth as planets in general. The geodesy developed together with mankind, closely cooperating with other sciences.
The word geodesy consists of two Greek roots: geo – the earth, daydzo – I divide. It turns out, it is science how to divide the earth. In the modern world the geodesy is defined how the scientific discipline studying ways of measurement of space and also investigating a form of the planet and the sizes, its gravitational field. Various measurements on the area including engineering, become surveyors too. Not to do without this scientific discipline in many spheres of human activity. Most often it is applied when planning construction works. Only the kvalitsirovanny expert in geodesy will be able to move the project of knowledge made by architects to the area, to make the exact plan of works and to count amount of the materials spent for work. The same concerns also other types of works on the area, for example, of making of a paving. Mining industry also needs services of the surveyor. He counts explosive works, volumes of the got breed and other technical nuances of process.
The geodesy can be divided into two areas, proceeding from tasks which face this science. It is possible to call problems of the first sort long-term. Treat them, first of all:
- exact definition of a form of Earth, the description of its sizes and gravitational field, - creation of a system of coordinates uniform for the chosen object (both all globe, and certain continents or the states can act as it), - drawing all surface area of the planet on topographic maps and drawing up plans, - detection of laws of shift of tectonic plates, studying current state of blocks of earth crust. Short-term tasks have applied character, it is so-called engineering geodesy. Just the various measurements necessary for carrying out the construction, extracting and other works belong to it. Spheres of short-term and long-term tasks are quite often crossed.