In gear wheels of gipoidny transfer the teeths are bent after a hyperboloid. It allows to displace an axis of one of gear wheels, having improved at the same time mechanical and ergonomic indicators of transfer. However gipoidny transfer demands high precision of production, adjustment and exact observance of service regulations.
The Gipoidny gear (gear) transmission differs from usual, with direct or slanting teeths, the fact that its teeths are curvilinear. They are bent on a special geometrical curve – a hyperboloid that is visible in the drawing. From here and name: a gipoida – reduced from a hyperboloid. The main features at gipoidny transfer two. First, it can be applied only in knots with the crossed axes a zubchatok. To try to construct gipoidny transfer with parallel waves of sense is not present: will at once jam it.
Secondly, axes of shafts have to be in addition displaced from each other, differently again jamming. The size of shift has to be precisely agreed with mathematical parameters hypoides, this so-called gipoidny shift.
Advantages of gipoidny transfer
For the first time in automotive industry the gipoidny main transfer was applied by engineers of the American firm Packard in 1926. What did it give?
The main transfer transfers torque from the driveshaft to differential of driving wheels. It is carried out always lowering to coordinate engine speed with necessary for wheels and to increase at the same time torque by them.
The first, the driveshaft fell down by the size of gipoidny shift. It allowed to reduce height of its tunnel in salon and at the same time to lower the car center of gravity, having improved that its stability. The second, torque gipoidny transfer transfers more smoothly, than kosozuby, not to mention pryamozuby. And, at last, gipoidny transfer rustles less and can transfer bigger torque, than usual. As engineers speak, it has big load ability. All this, combined, increases both comfort of the car, and its durability. Therefore gipoidny main transfer – indispensable attribute of cars enough high-class, such, for example, as the Lexus "Infiniti".
Its shortcomings
However gipoidny transfer has also essential shortcomings, besides complexity of production and, respectively, high cost. At rotation of gear wheels arises because teeths are bent, the effort operating along an axis of a small, leading gear wheel. Thereof gipoidny transfer is very sensitive to wear, quality of production not only gear wheels, but also all its details, especially bearings. At its inexact adjustment it easily gets jammed, especially when changing the direction of rotation, at inclusion of a backing.
It's a blessing in disguise: the tendency of gipoidny transfer to jamming is used in the central (interaxial) self-locking differentials like Torsen. They are applied in cars with the all-wheel automatic drive (4WD).
Teeths of gipoidny transfer adjoin to each other more densely, than at usual therefore she also very much is afraid of pollution in oil. Oil in a case of gipoidny transfer needs to be filled in only special gipoidny, with antiwear and anti-seize additives. And it is necessary to fill in strictly certain quantity.
Application of gipoidny transfer now
However all shortcomings "hypoides" with interest pay off its advantages, and technologically they are quite surmountable. With development of automotive industry and the general culture of production "gipoid" passed also into transmission of cars of consumer classes. Nowadays it is already possible to see it also in the budgetary Chinese cars.