Vacuoles are the cellular organelle surrounded with one membrane and available at some eukaryotic organisms. Despite similarity in the building, vacuoles can perform various functions.
Digestive vacuoles
The person has a stomach – convenient body where food is digested, is split on simple connections which are acquired later by an organism and are used for its needs. However tiny organisms – protozoa and sponges - certainly, have no stomach. Its role is played by the fagosoma which is also called digestive vakuolyyu – the bubble surrounded with a membrane. It is formed around a firm particle or a cage which the organism decided to eat. Arises digestive vacuoles and around the swallowed liquid drop. Fagosoma merges with a lysosome, enzymes become more active and digestion process which lasts about an hour begins. During digestion the Wednesday in a fagosoma changes from sour on alkaline. After all nutrients are extracted, the undigested remains of food are brought out of a body through a poroshitsa or a cellular membrane.
Digestion of firm food is called fagotsitoz, liquid – pinotsitoz.
Sokratitelny vacuoles
Is available for many protests and some representatives of sponges sokratitelny vacuoles. The main function of this organelle – regulation of osmotic pressure. Through a cellular membrane water comes to a cage of a sponge or protozoa, and periodically with an equal period liquid is removed outside with use of a sokratitelny vacuole which, expanding till a certain moment, then begins to be reduced by means of the elastic bunches which are available in it.
There is a hypothesis that sokratitelny vacuoles takes part also in cellular respiration.
Vacuoles in a plant cell
Plants also have vacuoles. At a young cage, as a rule, them there are several pieces of the small size, however in process of growth of a cage they increase and merge in one large vacuoles which is capable to occupy 70-80% of all cage. Vegetable vacuoles contains cellular juice which part minerals, sugar and organic matter are. The main function of this organelle – maintenance of turgor. Also vegetable vacuoles participate in water-salt exchange, splitting and digestion of nutrients and utilization of connections which can render harm to a cage. The green parts of plants which are not covered with wood keep the form thanks to a strong cellular wall and vacuoles which keep shape of cages of invariable and do not allow deformation.