The root is the axial body of the higher plants, as a rule, which is located underground, providing absorption and transportation of water and mineral substances and also the employee for fixing of a plant in the soil. Depending on the building distinguish three types of root systems: core, mochkovaty and also mixed.
The root system of a plant is formed by roots of various nature. Allocate the main root which develops from a germinal root and also side and additional. Side are a branch from the main thing and can be formed on any its site, additional roots most often begin the growth from the lower part of a stalk of a plant, but can be formed even on leaves.
Core root system
The developed main root is characteristic of a core root system. It has the core form, and because of such similarity this type also received the name. Side roots at such plants are expressed extremely poorly. The root has ability to unlimited growth, and the main root at plants with a core root system reaches the impressive sizes. It is necessary for optimization of extraction of water and nutrients from soils where ground waters lie at a considerable depth. A core root system many types of bichromatic – trees, bushes and also grassy plants possess: birch, oak, dandelion, sunflower, pumpkin.
Mochkovaty root system
At plants with a mochkovaty root system the main root is almost not developed. Instead the numerous branching additional or side roots of approximately identical length are characteristic of them. Often at plants the main root from which begin to depart side grows in the beginning, but in the course of further development of a plant it dies off. The Mochkovaty root system is characteristic of the plants breeding in the vegetative way. Usually it meets at monocotyledonous – a coconut palm, orchids, pteroid, cereals.
The mixed root system
Often allocate also mixed or combined root system. The plants relating to this type have both well differentiable main root, and multiple side and additional roots. Such structure of a root system can be observed, for example, at strawberry and a wild strawberry.
Modifications of roots
Roots of some plants are modified so that it is difficult to carry them to any type at first sight. Root crops – thickenings of the main root and the lower part of a stalk which can be seen at turnip and carrots and also a korneklubna – a thickening of side and additional roots that can be observed at sweet potato belong to those modifications. Also some roots can serve not for absorption of water with the salts dissolved in it, and for breath (respiratory roots) or an additional support (stilted roots).