Plants - the main object of a research of science of botany. This biological kingdom of metaphytes which mosses, club mosses, horsetails, ferns, flowering and gymnospermous plants enter. All of them are allocated with special signs.
Instruction
1. Plants consist of the cages having dense cellulose covers. Cages contain chlorolayers. These are the green plastids containing a pigment the chlorophyll participating in photosynthesis. Thanks to availability of chlorolayers many plants have green color. The kingdom of plants is characterized by the attached way of life. These organisms are capable to accumulate in cages spare substances in the form of starch. They grow throughout all life, and their activity is regulated by phytohormones.
2. Plants often differ in very complex structure, however some of them are unicells (hlamidomonada, a chlorella, etc.). Cages of these organisms have rather big size (to several centimeters), possess large central vakuolyyu, regulating turgor (the osmotic pressure in a cage leading to tension of a cellular cover). At cell fission the partition thanks to merge of numerous bubbles is formed. Plants most often by means of dispersion by windy force two- or polymastigina a dispute which, getting to the fertile earth, begin to sprout at favorable climatic conditions breed.
3. Cages of plants can unite in fabrics in which, in turn, almost completely there is no intercellular substance. Some fabrics, for example, a sklerenkhima and a stopper, almost only consist of dead cages. At the same time, unlike animals, different types of cages are a part of plants, for example, the basis of a xylem is formed by the water carrying out elements and fibers of wood.
4. The considerable partition of a body is characteristic of the majority of plants. Allocate various types of the organization of a vegetable cover: tallomny when separate bodies are not allocated, and the body has an appearance of a green plate (ferns); listostebelny when a body is escape with leaves, without roots (majority of Bryophyta); kornepobegovy at which the body is divided into a pobegovy and root system.
5. Sprouts of plants usually consist of a stalk (axial part) and leaves (photosynthesizing bodies). Leaves arise as outgrowths on external fabrics of a stalk or result of merge of side branches. The rudiment of escape is called a kidney. The seasonality is characteristic of the majority of green plants: withering and leaf fall with the onset of cold weather and also the active growth of new fabrics, emergence of kidneys with warming.