Very first the step pyramid of Dzhoser was constructed. It had considerable impact on development of the Egyptian architecture, first of all it affected pyramids which were erected by Pharaohs of the third dynasty.
The first pyramid which gave rise to all Egyptian pyramidal construction is in Sakkar, approximately in 17 km to the south of Giza. It was constructed in 2667-2648 B.C. for Dzhoser, the first Pharaoh of the third dynasty.
History of construction of a pyramid Dzhosera
Carry the invention of a stone laying to the beginning of government of Dzhoser. Dzhoser's pyramid is considered the most ancient stone construction on Earth, the mastaba of Pharaohs of the first dynasty built from not burned brick became its prototype. At first it also represented a mastaba from a stone, but later went through five stages in the development.
In the beginning the Pharaoh's architect Imhotep built the big mastaba similar to Dzhoser's tomb constructed earlier in the Top Egypt. This time the mastaba was made not of a brick, and of stone blocks. Subsequently during government of the Pharaoh it was expanded in four parties, and then made oblong. The decision to expand construction for the fourth time led to the fact that the tomb not similar on one, built before appeared. Imhotep constructed three more mastaba, having arranged them one above another, each of them was less previous. So there was a first step pyramid which became a prototype of all Egyptian pyramids. However Dzhoser wanted to make a pyramid even more, he the order to increase its basis, in at its top to make six terraces. The pyramid was revetted with limestone which was delivered from the opposite coast of Nile, from the hills of Tura.
Construction features
For creation of a step pyramid of Dzhoser used several independent layers of a stone laying, they leaned on the central basis from crushed stone. By a similar way all pyramids which appeared in the future — Hefren, Hufu and other Pharaohs who reigned later are constructed. However, unlike late pyramids, here stone blocks are inclined inside at an angle 74 ° to give to the building big durability. In the pyramids constructed later the layers of a laying are located horizontally. Dzhoser's tomb was located under the base, it was cut in rocky soil, to it the square mine conducted. The entrance to the mine was far outside a pyramid, north of it. Around a pyramid the massive ten-meter wall, and in it — the square on which erected several temples and the sacred house for holding ceremonies was constructed.