There is a set of inorganic substances which are subdivided into classes. In order that it is correct to classify the offered connections, it is necessary to have an idea of features of the structure of each group of substances which only four. These are oxides, acids, the bases and salts. Tasks for definition of substances of different classes can be on all types of control in chemistry, including the unified state examination (USE).
Instruction
1. Acids. Here difficult connections which consist of atoms of hydrogen and the acid rest belong. Hydrogen atoms in a formula are in the first place, and them there can be various quantity. Proceeding from it, acids, in turn, are subdivided into monobasic: HCl is chlorohydrogen acid (salt); HNO3 - nitric acid. Bibasic: H2SO4 is sulfuric acid; H2S - hydrosulphuric acid. The three-main: H3PO4 is orthophosphoric acid; H3BO3 is boric acid.
2. Bases. These are complex substances which consist of atoms of metals and hydroxyl groups. The number of the last is determined by metal valency. The bases can be soluble in water: The GAME - potassium hydroxide; Ca(OН)2 is calcium hydroxide; and insoluble: Zn(OН)2 is zinc hydroxide; Al(OН)3 is aluminum hydroxide.
3. Complex substances which consist only of two chemical elements, one of which will be the oxygen which is on the second place in a formula, belong to the class of oxides. Oxides have own classification. The main oxides include substances which correspond to the bases. As a part of a chemical formula they have atoms of metals. VaO - barium oxide; K2O - potassium oxide; Li2O is lithium oxide. To acid it is possible to carry oxides to which there correspond acids. Their formula includes atoms of nonmetals.SO3 - oxide of sulfur (VI); SO2 - oxide of sulfur (IV); CO2 is carbon oxide (IV); P2O5 - oxide of phosphorus (V). Oxides which part transitional elements, such as zinc, aluminum, beryllium, etc. are belong to amphoteric: BeO is beryllium oxide; ZnO is zinc oxide; Al2O3 is aluminum oxide.
4. Salts are the complex substances consisting of atoms of metals and the acid remains. In their formulas metals.KCl - potassium chloride are on the first place; CaSO4 is calcium sulfate; Al(NO3)3 is aluminum nitrate; Ba3(PO4)2 is barium ortho-phosphate.