Life of modern society does not do without the social conflicts. They meet in all variety everywhere. Special researches proved that the social and psychological phenomenon is quite difficult and wide concept for unambiguous assessment.
Since household quarrels and finishing with confrontations at the international level, disagreements meet everywhere. Some of them are regarded as serious threats to security of all planet.
Concept of the conflict
There are two known definitions of the conflict. According to the first is a collision of the parties. According to the second version the disagreement of interests of subjects of interaction so is called.
The first option is considered by the phenomenon more widely. The second limits a circle of participants to group. However any conflict is defined by interaction between the parties provoking confrontation.
Not always the conflict is negatively estimated. In certain cases it is an obligatory element of maintenance of unity.
Warring parties form structure of collision by the actions. So, the crush in public transport is the reason of formation of confrontation of the parties and search of a solution.
Usually the subject of the conflict is directly connected with inquiries of the parties for which satisfaction the fight is conducted.
Allocate three groups:
- spiritual;
- material;
The confrontation reason is determined by dissatisfaction of that or other category. Examples of a problem are both matrimonial disagreements, and armed clashes.
The circle of the phenomena is quite wide. At the same time in attention the emergence level does not undertake. Clear split of types and types of disagreements does not exist.
Three options are more widespread in classification:
- on types;
- by types;
- in forms.
Types of collisions
Big width distinguishes the first aspect. Enters each of types several subspecies proceeding in any form. The main types are:
- intra personal;
- interpersonal;
- intergroup;
- the conflicts between group and the personality.
In each subgroup the main emphasis is placed on participants of a problem. Except the first option all categories carry to social.
Refer to the main causes of social collision limitation of reserves, divergences in value and semantic treatments, a behavior manner.
Intralichnostnye
Mean the mismatch of estimates, installations, interests endured in consciousness by the intra personal conflict. Certain motives which cannot be satisfied at the same time face.
Example of such dissonance is dislike for work at impossibility of dismissal (fear of unemployment). A striking example – fears of the child to be punished at passionate desire not to go to an unloved lesson.
In category allocate options motivational, an inadequate self-assessment, role, unrealized desire, moral and adaptation. Collision begins between "I want", "I can" and it "is necessary".
It defines, respectively, three main personal positions:
- the child (I want);
- the adult (I can);
- the parent it (is necessary).
The interpersonal conflicts begin because of disagreements between certain people. Such problems proceed usually "here and now". Participants differ in emotionality.
Interlichnostnye
The Mezhdulichnostny type is divided into vertical, horizontal and diagonal groups. The first means the relations of the participants taking equal positions, when there is no submission. So, disagreements are possible between colleagues, spouses, passersby.
Vertical collision are probable between the subordinate and the head, that is positions of the parties mean subordination.
Diagonal disagreements provoke a dissonance between opponents in indirect submission. Between senior and younger are possible misunderstanding. Participants hold position of one level, but do not consist in the subordinary relations.
Carry to interpersonal collisions family, household, arising in the organizations. The last are observed during working interaction.
Intergroup
Refer disagreements between representatives of raznosotsialny groups to intergroup. Separately consider the conflicts in the organization, for example, between the head and employees, teachers and pupils.
Also allocate household with the assistance of representatives of several groups, for example, in the communal flat. Cross-cultural and religious refer disagreements to intergroup. Everyone differs in the number of participants and temporary duration.
Types can vzaimoperesekatsya. The international conflicts also consider in a special order.
Collision between an individual and group
Disagreement between the personality and group is possible at refusal of the certain individual to work by an example of the others. The unacceptable act provoking the conflict can be made.
Bright sample is the plot of the movie "Scarecrow" where Lena Bessoltseva enters disagreement with a class, and the tragic fate of the philosopher Giordano Bruno.
Mean certain specifics of the actions provoking a voznikoveniye and development of a problem by forms of disagreements. Carry a debate, a claim, boycott, hostility, threat, attack to the main forms.
Solutions
Examples of polemic or debate meet in scientific communities. It proves that it is possible to solve problems structurally.
There are three options of approaches to all categories of collisions being considered: motivational, cognitive and situational.
Motivational
On the first the hostility reflects internal problems. Its main function – unity in group. Examples of mass terror and racial discrimination most brightly show possibilities of stability in one group during confrontation with others.
Among the key reasons of manifestation of aggression call assessment by community of the held position as restrained that is not always fair.
Situational
Orientation of situational approach is based on specifics of disagreements.
The hostility between groups decreases with the advent of conditions for cooperation when the result is defined by general efforts.
Cognitive
At cognitive approach take cognitive or cogitative installations of participants on the relation as a basis to each other. So, the hostility is optional caused by a difference of interests.
Common goals will help to resolve peacefully a dissonance between opponents. Everything depends on formation of the social installations helping overcoming problems.
The intergroup conflicts optional arise because of social injustice as approves motivational approach. Individuals can independently choose a way of overcoming disagreements at opposition with injustice.
Constructive approach
Regardless of existence of the international collision or a small quarrel between colleagues the best is the peace way of solving the problem.
It is important to warring parties to learn finding of a compromise in a difficult situation, control of destructive behavior and vision of opportunities of prospects of cooperation with opponents.
All this can become pledge of a favorable solution. At all importance of cultural and economic structure of a system all sources of disagreements are concealed in certain individuals.
On the nature identity of a konfliktologichn. The aspiration to warn and allow social disagreements enters this concept.
The modern conflicts show most of all lack of constructibility. Therefore the concept of a konfliktologichnost of the personality is considered not only as a condition for optimum solution of the problem, but also as the most important factor of socialization of each modern individual.