When carrying out psychology and pedagogical researches the same methods, as in other branches of psychology are used. The main differences are requirements which are imposed to the procedure of preparation and carrying out a research.
General information
Psychological researches in the field of pedagogics are directed to studying regularities of formation of successful teaching and educational process. Proceeding from specifics of this pedagogical activity, planning of researches is carried out taking into account age of examinees and also with division of the initial level of development of mental processes of the child and changes which happen in mentality under the influence of training.
Classification of methods of psychology and pedagogical researches
Allocate 4 main methods: Observation – the most popular method in student teaching. Represents the purposeful description of external manifestation of mental features in activity and behavior of the pupil. Distinguish a large number of types of observation. Systematic and non-systematic observations are allocated depending on the detailed plan of a research or that absence. Continuous and selective observations are defined depending on that, all features of behavior or certain parameters are fixed. Direct and mediated types are applied depending on that, are used or not special devices and means. The included and external observations are connected with whether the observer is a member of the group which he investigates.
Questioning - identification of certain mental qualities of the person by means of specially developed questions. Carry an opportunity for a short period to conduct a research of big group of people to advantages of this method. The test is the fixed list of questions and tasks by results of which existence and the level of development of certain mental qualities of the person are defined. For recognition of tests reliable impose strict requirements to reliability and validity. A conversation - dialogue between two people during which one person reveals psychological features of another. In a conversation features of character, motives of behavior, the facts of the biography and the attitude towards them can be studied. Mark out a clinical conversation and purposeful poll. In a clinical conversation the researcher seeks to obtain the fullest information on individual and personal features of the examinee. Purposeful poll – an interview which is conducted in strict accordance with the plan. The analysis of products of activity - the analysis of various materials and products of labor, educational, creative activity. By means of this method, individual and psychological features of development of figurative thinking are studied. Allocate a biographic method by means of which features of a course of life are studied, and the Continent analysis where the researcher allocates and analyzes units of content of any given material.