The person – not only a biological, but also social being that distinguishes him from other representatives of fauna and defines special situation in the nature. Development of the person throughout evolution was subordinated not only to regularities of heredity and variability of types, but also social laws. The person changed in the development both physically, and intellectually.
Role of labor skills in development of the person
Now the advanced representatives of science do not call in question the fact that millions years ago the person was gradually allocated from fauna. Scientists-materialists deeply investigated process of transformation of ancient monkeys into the modern person. High-quality and profound changes in shape of the person and his psychology were connected with his social activity and work.
Creation and purposeful use of instruments of labor – distinctive feature of the person.
With the help even of the most primitive instruments of labor of people had an opportunity to provide itself and relatives to the most necessary for life. It sharply reduced dependence of the person on influence of natural factors and reduced the importance of the natural selection playing an important role in development of species.
In the course of collective work the people united in social groups. It led to emergence and a speech development as way of exchange of messages. At the same time the voice device and those zones of a brain which are responsible for thinking and the speech developed. And here the sense organs so important for animals lost the importance, the sight, sense of smell and hearing became dull.
As the person developed and changed
There are all bases to assume that uzkonosy primacies which herds lived in ancient tropical forests were ancestors of modern anthropoids and the person. The similarity of the person and primacies in many respects is determined by external signs and behavior by it. But there are also essential differences. Having gone down from trees and having passed to land dwelling, ancestors of the person found bipedalism. The front extremities released at the same time could be used for performance of the simplest labor operations. Straightening of a body led to transfer of the center of gravity that became the reason of reorganization of skeletal system and the musculoskeletal device. The backbone became more flexible.
Over time at the ancient person the springing vaulted foot was formed, the basin extended a little, also the thorax became wider.
Movements of the developing person became more free. Opposition of thumbs of hands became a step forward in evolution that gave the chance to the person to make more difficult and exact hand movements. The isolated thumb allowed to hold in a hand weapon and instruments of labor reliably. With the advent of instruments of labor, a hunting gun and fire also the diet of the person changed. The food cooked on fire reduced load of the chewing device and digestive organs. Intestines became gradually shorter, the structure of facial muscles changed. During slow mutational changes the oral device and a throat was gradually transformed. As a result the person received the developed organs of speech. The described changes happened not at once, and dragged on for many hundreds of generations. The modern look of people got about 40-50 thousand years ago. Since then there were cardinal changes in a way of life of people, there were unprecedented earlier technological capabilities, but the shape of the person significantly did not change.