How to classify salts

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Salts are divided into average, sour, the main, double and mixed. All of them have broad application in life, but bigger - in the industry. Understanding of classification of salts gives the chance to understand fundamentals of chemistry.

Salts are chemical compounds in which atom of metal is connected with the acid rest. The difference of salts from others connection is that they obviously expressed the ionic nature of communication. Therefore communication and is called – ionic. Ionic communication is characterized by nonsaturation and not orientation. Examples of salts: chloride of sodium or kitchen salt – NaCl, sulfate of calcium or plaster – CaSO4. Depending on that, hydrogen atoms in acid are how fully replaced or hydrokso-groups in hydroxide distinguish average, sour and main salts. Several cations of metal can be a part of salt are double salts.

Average salts

Average salts are salts in which there is a full replacement of atoms of hydrogen with metal ions. Kitchen salt and plaster – examples of such salts. Average salts cover a large number of the connections which are often found in the nature, for example, a zinc blende – ZnS, pyrite – FeS2, etc. This type of salts the most widespread.

Average salts receive neutralization reaction when acid and the basis are taken in equimolar ratios, for example: H2SO3 + 2 NaOH = Na2SO3 + 2 N2OPoluchaetsya average salt sodium sulfite. If to take 1 mol of sodium hydroxide, then reaction will go as follows: H2SO3 + NaOH = NaHSO3 + N2OPoluchaetsya sour salt sodium hydrosulphite.

Sour salts

Sour salts are salts in which not all atoms of hydrogen are replaced with metal. Such salts are capable to form only polybasic acids – sulfuric, phosphoric, sulphurous and other. Monobasic acids, such as salt, nitric and others, do not give sour salts. Examples of sour salts: a hydrocarbonate of sodium or baking soda – NaHCO3, sodium dihydrophosphate – NaH2PO4. Sour salts can also be received interaction of average salts with acid: Na2SO3 + H2SO3 = 2NaHSO3

Main salts

The main salts are salts in which not all hydrokso-groups are replaced with the acid remains. For example, hydroksosulfat aluminum – Al (OH) SO4, hydroksokhlorid zinc – Zn(OH)Cl, digidroksokarbonat copper or malachite – Cu2(CO3) (OH)2.

Double salts

Double salts are salts in which two metals replace hydrogen atoms in the acid rest. Such salts are possible for the polymain acids. Examples of salts: the carbonate of sodium of potassium is NaKCO3, potassium aluminum sulfate – KAl(SO4)2. The double salts, most widespread in life, is alum, for example, aluminum potassium alum – KAl(SO4) 2 12H2O. They will be applied to water purification, by skin tanning, to loosening of the test.