In the nature there are two sorts of electric charges which are conditionally called "positive" and "negative" charges. Around a charge there is one of matter forms under the name electrostatic field.
It is required to you
- electroscope, glass stick, silk fabric.
Instruction
1. The electric charges arising on the glass rubbed about silk and also such charges which make a start from them are called positive. The electric charges arising on the ebonite rubbed about fur and those charges which make a start from them are called negative. The electric charges of the same name make a start, heteronymic are attracted. Carriers of electric charges are the elementary particles which are a part of atoms - the electron loaded negatively and a proton with a positive charge. Charges of elementary particles (proton and an electron) are the smallest in size, indivisible charges and carry the name of elementary charges. The body has electric charge if in it there is an unequal number of negative and positive elementary charges. The charge of all body is defined by quantity of the whole elementary charges.
2. To define existence and the sign of electric charge on some body the device, the called electroscope is used. The electroscope is glass (or metal with glass windows) to bank with a neck into which the metal core equipped from above with a metal ball, and from below very thin two aluminum or metal petals is inserted through a stopper (from insulating material).
3. If to touch with a charged body an electroscope ball, then leaflets will disperse as both of them are loaded with static electricity of the same name. Certainly, the more the charge reported to the electroscope the is more divergence of leaflets. For definition of the sign of a charge of the electroscope bring closer a charged body which sign of a charge is obviously known to it. If the divergence of leaflets of the electroscope increases, then a charge of its same sign, as a charge of an approximate body; reduction of a divergence of leaflets shows that the electroscope is charged with static electricity of the opposite sign.