If to enter a large amount of hypertensive solution into a human body, because of an essential difference in sizes of osmotic pressure on different sides of cellular cell membranes will be dehydrated. In case of introduction of a large amount of hypotonic solution there will be the return: cages will begin to bulk up and can become torn. Therefore enter isotonic solutions which osmotic pressure to equally osmotic pressure of blood, a lymph and intercellular juice into an organism. How to prepare isotonic solution?
Instruction
1. For example, the task is set for you: to prepare isotonic solution of glucose. This substance is very often used for intravenous administration. Begin with the fact that remember a glucose formula: C6H12O6. Using it, calculate its molecular weight: 180. Therefore, the molar mass of glucose has to be equal 180 g/mol. Also remember that solution of glucose is not electrolyte.
2. Further you will be helped by the rule which needs to be remembered well. At dissolution 1 asking any nonelectrolyte in 22.4 liters of the liquid having temperature of 0 degrees there is a pressure equal to 1 atm. Respectively, as it is easily possible to understand, for creation of pressure equal to 7.4 atm, the volume of liquid in which 1 mol of a nonelectrolyte is dissolved, also has to be 7.4 times less. That is 22.4/7.4 = 3.03 liters (or about 3 liters).
3. It is necessary to consider that these calculations are fair at a temperature equal 0. As temperature of a human body normal is about 36.6-36.7 degrees, it is necessary to make the amendment. Let temperature of the person (for simplification of calculations) will be taken for 37 degrees, then take equal 37/273 it is less dissolved substance on a share (about 13.55% less, considering that 273 degrees Kelvin correspond to 0 degrees Celsius). In other words, it is necessary to take 0.8645 from estimated amount of substance.
4. So how many it is required moths of any nonelectrolyte to receive 1 liter of isotonic solution taking into account the above-stated amendment? Count: 1*0.8645/3.03 = 0.2853. In round figures take this size for 0.29.
5. So, how many glucose will be required to you for preparation of 1 liter of isotonic solution? Make elementary calculations: 0.29 * 180 = 52.2 grams. Or, if to consider to use a concept of a mass fraction, concentration of glucose will make 5.22%.