The great English scientist Isaac Newton designated by the word "range" a multi-color strip which turns out when passing a ray of sunlight through a triangular prism. This strip is very similar to a rainbow, and it is called most often a range and in usual life. Meanwhile, each substance has an own range of radiation or absorption, and they can be observed if to make several experiments. Properties of substances to give different ranges widely it is applied in different fields of activity. For example, the spectral analysis is one of the most exact criminalistic methods. Very often this method is used also in medicine.
It is required to you
- - spectroscope;
- - gas burner;
- - small ceramic or porcelain spoon;
- - pure table salt;
- - the transparent test tube filled with carbon dioxide;
- - powerful glow lamp;
- - powerful "economic" gazosvetny lamp.
Instruction
1. For a diffraction spectroscope take a compact disk, a small cardboard box, a cardboard case from the thermometer. Cut out a piece of a disk by the box size. On the top plane of a box, near its short wall, dispose an eyepiece at an angle about 135 ° to a surface. The eyepiece represents a piece of a case from the thermometer. Choose the place for a crack experimentally, serially piercing and sticking holes on other short wall.
2. Opposite to a crack of a spectroscope install the powerful glow lamp. In a spectroscope eyepiece you will see a continuous range. Such spectral structure radiations exists at any heated subject. In it there are no lines of allocation and absorption. In the nature this range is known as a rainbow.
3. Gather in a small ceramic or porcelain spoon of salt. Direct a spectroscope crack to the dark not shining site being above a light flame of a torch. Enter into a flame a spoon with salt. At the moment when the flame is painted in intensively yellow color, in a spectroscope it will be possible to observe a range of radiation of the studied salt (chloride sodium) where the line of radiation in yellow area will be especially brightly visible. The same experiment can be made with chloride potassium, salts of copper, tungsten and so on. So radiation ranges — light lines on certain sites of a dark background look.
4. Direct a working crack of a spectroscope to the bright glow lamp. Will place the transparent test tube filled with carbon dioxide so that it blocked a working crack of a spectroscope. In an eyepiece it is possible to observe the continuous range crossed by dark vertical lines. It is a so-called range of absorption, in this case — carbon dioxide.
5. Direct a working crack of a spectroscope to the included "economic" lamp. Instead of a habitual continuous range you will see a set of the vertical lines located in various parts and various colors having mostly. From here it is possible to conclude that the range of radiation of such lamp strongly differs from a range of the ordinary glow lamp that approximately imperceptibly, but influences photography process.