One of the directions of the natural sciences lying on border of physics, mathematics and partly even divinity is development and a research of theories of emergence of the Universe. Today scientists offered several cosmological models, the concept of the Big Bang is standard.
Essence of the theory and consequence of explosion
According to the theory of the Big Bang, the Universe passed from a so-called singular state into a condition of continuous expansion as a result of general explosion of some substance of the small size and high temperature. Explosion was such scale that each chastnitsa of matter sought to move away from another. Expansion of the Universe means categories of three-dimensional space habitual to all, before explosion, obviously, they did not exist.
Before the explosion allocate several stages: Plankovsky era (earliest), era of Great association (time of electronuclear forces and gravitation) and, at last, Big Bang.
In the beginning photons (radiation), then substance particles were formed. Within the first second, protons, negative protons and neutrons were formed of these particles. After that there were frequent annihilation reactions as substance of the Universe was very dense, particles continuously between themselves faced. On the second second when the Universe cooled down up to 10 billion degrees, also some other elementary particles, for example, an electron and a positron were formed. Besides to a time span the most part of particles annihilated. Particles of substance it was minimum more, than antimatter particles. Therefore our Universe consists of matter, but not of anti-matter. In three minutes of 15 percent of all protons and neutrons turned into helium kernels. Through hundreds of thousands of years constantly extending Universe considerably cooled down, kernels of helium and protons could already hold in themselves electrons. Thus atoms of helium and hydrogen were formed. The Universe became less "close". Radiation could extend to considerable distances. Still on Earth it is possible "to hear" an echo of that radiation. It is accepted to call it relic. Detection and existence of relic radiation confirm the concept of the Big Bang, this microwave. Gradually at expansion in any given places of the uniform Universe accidental condensations were formed. They became forerunners of big consolidations and points of concentration of substance. So in the Universe areas where substance was almost not, and areas where there is a lot of it were formed. Clots of substance increased under the influence of gravitation. In such places, galaxies, congestions and supercongestions of galaxies gradually began to be formed.
Criticism
At the end of the twentieth century the concept of the Big Bang became almost standard in cosmology. Nevertheless, there is a set of critical remarks and additions. For example, the most contentious clause of the concept is the problem of the causes of explosion. Besides, some scientists do not agree with the idea of the extending Universe. It is interesting that different religions in general positively apprehended the concept, having found even instructions on the Big Bang in Sacred books.