Ancient Greece was located on islands of the Aegean Sea and in the south of the Balkan Peninsula. The country in the southeast of Europe became a kernel of an Ancient Greek civilization. The territory of the state was divided into three parts — Southern, Northern and Average.
Three parts of Ancient Greece
The southern part of the Balkan Peninsula was the main territory of the state. The main town of Greece, Athens, was in a middle part, Etoliya, Fokida and Attica also there settled down. These areas separated from the Northern territory impassable mountains which divided Athens and Thessaly which to this day is considered as the important cultural and historic center. In the southern part of Ancient Greece there was a Lukonika famous as Sparta now. Numerous islands of the Aegean Sea and the western coast of Asia Minor (present territory of Turkey) were a part of the Southern Greece
Resettlement of the people of Greece and new lands
The territory of Greece pelasg inhabited about five thousand years ago, they were expelled from the lands at appearance of the achaeans who intruded from the North. Before the state of achaeans was located on the island Peloponess, and the city of Mycenae was its capital. The Achaean civilization was comprehended by the same sad fate, at the end of the 8th century BC the doriyets who destroyed everything the cities and almost all Achaean population came to the Greek earth.
Doriytsa be at lower step of development of a civilization that could not but affect the culture of Ancient Greece. This period is called "dark", development of instruments of labor and construction stopped, however from the cities be distinguished Athens and Sparta competing with each other long time. In the 8th century BC the emigrants from Ancient Greece spread across all Mediterranean in search of trade opportunities and new agricultural grounds. In the south of Italy and on Sicily there were Greek colonies, and all territory began to be called "Big Greece". In two hundred years the set of the cities on the coast of the Mediterranean and Black seas was built. There was new political unit — the policy. In the Greek world then was about 700 city-states. In the 4th century BC the leading Greek policies (Sparta, Athens and Thebes) conducted the exhausting fight for prevalence. Political impact of many cities was weakened decades of continuous battles between Sparta and Athens that led to general chaos. Because of decline of economic and social life the outflow of the population on the East began that caused desolation of the central regions. The Macedonian tsar Philip II who became the governor of all territory of Ancient Greece managed to benefit by this chaos. The Macedonian kingdom subordinated the Greek policies in 338 B.C. Subsequently Alexander the Great (Macedon) managed to build the empire stretched from Adriatic Sea to the Mussel.