Children under 6 years can be divided into two age groups: from the birth and up to 3 years – an infancy, from 3 to 6 years – preschool children. Exist as the development diagnostics suitable for both groups, and separately for everyone. In this case it will be a question of diagnostics of preschool children. It, as a rule, is carried out in six directions: diagnostics of the speech, thinking, memory, attention, identity and skills of educational activity.
It is required to you
- Materials for various diagnostic techniques.
Instruction
1. Diagnostics vnimaniyapo to data of psychologists, at the child at this age abilities have to be created three attentsionny (i.e., connected with attention). First, the child has to be able to perform tasks with gradually increasing complexity level. Secondly, it has to hold in the head the instruction during all occupation. If the kid during the occupation forgets what from it is required, so there are certain problems with development of attention. The third ability – skill of self-checking. As for concrete methods of diagnostics, it tasks like "Find two identical pictures", "Find 10 differences", "What changes happened on the picture?", "Pass a labyrinth", etc.
2. Diagnostics of a pamyatidiagnostik of memory is carried out in three main directions – short-term, long-term and associative memory. There are no quantity characteristics of development of memory. If the child does not cope with any given task, it is necessary to select similar exercises and to carry out until at it it is not begun to turn out. Carry the following tasks to methods of diagnostics of short-term memory: before the child pictures or toys are displayed. He tries to remember an order, then closes eyes – pictures are shifted or their part cleans up. The child has to tell what changed. Or to consider any given drawing, and then most in detail to reproduce it on memory. For diagnostics of long-term memory it is possible to offer the child the test from several questions. For example, "How many windows in your apartment?", "What you ate yesterday at supper?", etc. To diagnose associative memory, tasks for drawing up communications, for example, a tree and a leaf or the house and a window are given.
3. Diagnostics myshleniyav this age at the child prevails evident and figurative thinking therefore also tasks have to be corresponding. For example, it is possible to show to the kid the picture on which any given situation is represented. Let will consider the picture and will tell what on it occurs. Depending on the answer, the level of development of thinking is estimated on a scale from 1 to 4. 1 – the child got into gear at once and in detail described the events on the picture, 4 – it is difficult to it to get into gear, he cannot tell what occurs on the picture.
4. Diagnostics rechimozht to be carried out in the most various directions. Types of tasks: "Think up as much as possible words on a letter …", "Make the offer of words", "Listen to the small text and retell it". "Pick up to a word a rhyme", etc. The general level of development of the speech at the child is determined by set of results.
5. Diagnostics of skills educational the deyatelnostieta diagnostics is carried out at children of 5-6 years to define as far as the child is ready to activity, essentially new to it, – educational, it should go to school soon. There are cardinal differences between educational activity at school and game which was in kindergarten. One of the main differences – obligation of the first, ability to concentrate on a task. One of diagnostics is called "Beads". Ask the child to draw five beads connected by one thread passing strictly through the center of each bead. All beads have to be different color, the average bead has to be blue. Other technique is called "The drawing on sections". The child has to put a pencil in a point on crossing of sections. Then dictate to it on how many sections and where it has to move. As a result of valleys to turn out the drawing, such what to it dictated. Similar diagnostics are also estimated on a four-level system.
6. Diagnostics of a lichnostidiagnostik of the personality assumes the most extensive quantity of the studied questions. It both attitude towards, and self-assessment level, and children's consciousness and awareness of sex, etc. The most often used techniques are tests in pictures, tests like "Draw yourself", "Draw the family", etc.