The Internet became an integral part of life. Today it is possible to be connected to it through radio channels, communication satellites, cable television, cellular communication, fiber-optic and telephone wires. And once only some computers had access to network.
The U.S. Department of Defense at the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century began development of a reliable information transmission system on the basis of a computer which had to become a trump in case of military operations.
Were engaged in development of this network the University of California in Los Angeles, the University of California in Santa Barbara, the Stanford university and to the university of Utah. The first working model carried the name ARPANET. It integrated all specified higher education institutions.
ARPANET era
Subsequently the network began to develop and grow actively. Many scientists and businessmen became interested in it. In 1971 the first program intended for sending e-mail was born.
In 1973 for the first time it was succeeded to be connected to the computers which are in other countries. Norway and Great Britain became them. Connection was carried out through a transatlantic telephone cable.
In the seventies there were first lists of mailing groups, bulletin boards and news groups. However at that time there is no ARPANET could function and interact normally with others to networks, using other technical standards.
At the end of the 70th data transfer protocols which standardization fell on 1983 began to be developed actively. The active role in this process was accepted by John Postel.
On January 1, 1983 the ARPANET network from the NCP protocol passed to the TCP/IP protocol which still participates in merging of networks. At this particular time ARPANET officially began to be called Internet.
NSFNet era
In 1984 the single system of domain names (DNS) appeared, namely in 1984 ARPANET had the first strong contender – NSFNet developed by scientific fund of the USA. It consisted of a set of small networks and had much more throughput. More than 10,000 computers were connected to this network in one year and the name "Internet" began to pass to NSFNet.
In 1988 the IRC protocol allowing to communicate in real time was drafted. It was the serious step in development of the Internet.
In 1989 the concept of a world wide web was born. It was offered by Tim Berners-Li who within 2 years drafted the HTTP protocol, the identifiers URL and the HTML language. 1990 the ARPANET network completely lost NSFNet and stopped the existence.
In 1993 there was the first NCSA Mosaic web browser, and in 1995 network providers, but not computers of scientific fund of the USA began to be engaged in routing of traffic.