Experienced gardeners do cutting of apple-tree in the first years of her life. It allows to achieve early harvest and to preserve tree against possible breaks. To learn it is correct to form apple-tree not so difficult. For a start master the simplest gardening methods. Then continue to work laboriously with trees, mastering intricate "lanes" and "cordons".
It is required to you
- Secateurs
- Garden saw
- Rag rope
- Strong twine
- Garden knife
- Nail 45 mm
- Hammer
Instruction
1. Begin to form "skeleton" of two-year sapling apple-treesof in the spring, kidneys were not dismissed yet. It is necessary to put shtamb (part of trunk from root neck to the first skeletal branch in the bottom of krone). It is necessary to remove branches, the growing lower than 50 cm (at silnorosly grades) or 70-80 cm (at slaborosly).
2. Leave the central escape conductor – it has to be noticeable on young sapling. Select 3 main ("skeletal") branches from different sides of trunk, remote from it at an angle from 45 to 60 degrees. The distance between each skeletal branch has to be about 15 cm.
3. Truncate the conductor and branches of skeleton of apple-tree. To usually central escape gardeners allow to tower over the main branches on height about 20 cm, skeletal branches cut off at 1/3 initial lengths. However attentively study features of specific grade: process of shortening depends on ability of stone culture quicker or more slowly to form escapes. So, the low-branching apple-trees (such as "striped Kitayka") shorten twice; silnovetvyashchiyesya ("Autumn striped" and so forth) – on third.
4. Do not touch small, poorly growing, branches – over time they will bring you big harvest. And here all large intermediate branches need to give carefully almost horizontal position, having recorded them rag ropes. So they have to grow until the corner necessary to you does not stabilize. If in interval of krone of branches there is a lot of, them cut off part – leave escapes on 3-4 kidneys.
5. Get rid of rival branches - those which are identical in the size and force of growth. Truncate everyone half, and in a couple of years cut them at the branching basis ("on ring"). In process of growth of young apple-tree you watch that the conductor did not have competitors. Only if the central branch breaks or will badly grow, it should be replaced with stronger competitor of subordinate tier of krone.
6. Continue annually cutting of too grown vertical escapes. Do not allow forming very rare (but also too thickened!) apple-tree krone. As much as possible flower kidneys have to be formed. When your tree becomes about 4 meters in height, the conductor needs to be unbent and transferred to side branch. Make the same with other branches of top of krone – unbend to the periphery. It is possible to fix them by nail (45 mm) in the basis of shtamb and strong twine. Usually finally it is possible to create apple-tree krone in 5-6 years.