The onions fly is one of the most widespread wreckers destroying garlic, onions and other bulbous cultures. If in time not to destroy her, then it can spoil harvest of garlic and onions noticeably.
Exterior and habits of onions fly
The onions fly has ash-gray color, greenish back and in length makes about 8 millimeters. It is at first sight very similar to normal domestic fly. There are these insects in May-June when cherry and dandelion begins to blossom.
Females lay eggs on the dried scales of bulbs or in the soil near plants. Several days later larvae which at once eat in bulbs hatch and begin to do the courses close to surface. In two weeks of larva pupate and in July the second generation of flies is formed.
The damaged bulbs have soft surface, during wet weather begin to rot. Further they can be struck with fungal diseases. Shoots which have been struck by onions fly begin to dry up and turn yellow. Also bulbous flowers, onions-shnitt, leek, garlic can be struck.
Prevention of defeat of bulbous cultures
Not to allow defeat of onions, it is necessary to think of protection in advance. When the crop is already reaped, it is necessary to delete all postharvest remains, it is necessary to dig up properly the soil in the fall more deeply as the onions fly is capable to winter at depth of 20 centimeters. Thanks to digging up, larvae will appear on surface, so, during the winter they for certain will die.
The onion sets before crops should be processed hot water. For this purpose place onions in water with temperature 50oC, wait 5 minutes, and then carefully dry up. Now it is possible to land onions in bed.
The onions seeded early will avoid strong defeat by the first generation of fly. It is necessary to put it far away from the place where it grew last year. The place should be chosen well aired. It is better to put on one bed where also carrots. Wreckers of onions do not transfer carrots, and wreckers of carrots — onions, the mutual benefit turns out. The onions fly hates smell of tomatoes therefore it is possible to plant them too somewhere nearby.
When the feather of onions is about 8 centimeters long, it is possible to water onions with solution of table salt. For this purpose mix 30 grams of salt and 1 liter of water of room temperature. When watering try not to get on feather. In three hours after watering by solution, it is necessary to water bed with clear water. The procedure can be repeated 10 days later.
It is possible to water onions with infusion from dandelion roots. Take 200 grams of root and fill in it with ten liters of boiled water. Insist within week. It is necessary to apply solution to watering of beds each 2 weeks.
Folk remedies of fight against onions fly
Near plants it is possible to make mulching of the soil peat. It will prevent fly to lay eggs near bulbs. It is possible to process the soil tobacco and tobacco dust, with small addition of lime or ashes. Mixing ratio: tobacco dust — 1 tsp; wood ashes — 200 g; ground red or black pepper — 1 tsp. Strew with this mix the soil along ranks with calculation 1.5 kilograms of mix on 10 square meters of the earth. Further the soil prorykhlyatsya somewhere on 3 centimeters deep into. To carry out processing before appearance of the first and second generation of bulbous flies.
It is possible to make not dusting, but spraying. In bucket mix 200 grams of tobacco dust or rustic tobacco and three liters of boiled water. Two days later add water to top, pour teaspoon of red or black ground pepper, 1 tablespoon of liquid soap. Solution they should filter and spray plants and the soil.
Insecticides, for example Bazudin also will be suitable for processing. It is necessary to carry out processing by means of it in the second decade of May. Granules mix up with sand or sawdust, and further are brought in the soil. It is important to undertake methods of spraying or dusting in advance, prior to the beginning of summer of this insect. Such timely approach will allow to secure harvest against onions fly.