Group call the community of people limited on number allocated from the social environment. Various signs, for example, a profession, the nature of activity or class association can be a basis for division into groups. In psychology the group is usually considered as a social and psychological phenomenon.
Instruction
1. Any psychological phenomenon is considered within a certain classification. Fully it belongs also to groups. They can differ in the sizes, being subdivided into big and small. Sometimes in researches allocate microgroups which part only two-three persons are. One of psychological characteristics of group – its status. On this sign formal and informal distinguish groups.
2. Features of interrelations in group can be the basis for classification. This community of people can be conditional or real. The general nature of activity, nationality, education, age or a floor become signs of interrelations by consideration of the social and psychological status of members of the group usually. Psychologists know that there are fundamental differences between team, tourist group and student collective.
3. Groups differ from each other in the level of psychological development which can be low, average or high. Refer to the first type associations of diffusion type and temporary associations. More developed type includes the groups constructed by the principles of cooperation and autonomy. The highest status in terms of the level of development has collective.
4. In diffusion group the low unity as there is no unity of values and the long-term purposes is noted. Orientation of members of the group not so much on activity how many on communication on interests is characteristic of association. Group value reference points can be present here, but are usually expressed poorly.
5. One more form of the organization of group – cooperation. In it efforts of participants are combined for achievement of the goals, significant for each member of the group. Usually in such associations there is a distribution of roles and duties. The psychological status of members of such group depends on the level of their competence and ability to carry out the duties assigned to them. Autonomy differs from cooperation by more rigid structure and high unity.
6. The collective is a group of the highest level of development. His members have common goals and carry out similar tasks. Usually not the personal or group, but socially useful purposes become reference points of such group. For collective the high unity, acceptance of the general are characteristic of all the system of values, attention to opinion of each member of the group. Being a social and psychological phenomenon, the collective becomes that form of the organization of people which is most demanded in society.