The idea about unconscious figures prominently sufficient in psychoanalysis. Siegmund Freud, being engaged in development of the theory, paid to this subject much attention. How he represented unconscious? What is, according to him, this structure of mentality?
Siegmund Freud was not the first scientist who entered a concept of unconscious. Originally the philosopher G.W. Leibniz began to use this term. He also formulated the main idea that such unconscious. However Freud, being engaged in development of the theory about psychoanalysis, paid direct attention to Leibniz's work. And later introduced certain amendments in the idea of unconscious, expanded it and to some extent altered.
The idea about unconscious
From the point of view of Siegmund Freud a greater influence on the person, his life, feelings, thoughts, actions and acts renders not consciousness as many can believe, and specifically unconscious. Figuratively speaking, the field of mentality Freud called this the special place where all "low" (animal) instincts of the person which got to him from far ancestors are concentrated. At the same time unconscious is a certain zone where numerous experiences, images, the ideas, which at some point not the place in consciousness of the person are forced out. However they can remind, become about themselves conscious from time to time and influence especially the personality.
According to the psychoanalyst, direct consciousness is as a small piece of an iceberg which rises over water. It is only a modest visible part which is noticeable to other people which is realized by the person. However true – a fundamental principle – disappears deeply inside as the most part of an iceberg under cold waters of the ocean disappears. That is why very often there are situations when the person, making certain actions in unconsciousness, cannot remember them then or not in forces explain the behavior. Because often unconscious acts very much clash with norms, orders and foundations. They, figuratively speaking, are inadmissible in civilized society and can generate such feelings as shame, wine, anger on themselves and so on.
The door in the unconscious field of mentality of the person is widely slightly opened in cases:
- drowsy state;
- direct dream;
- at the trance moments and also deep dreams;
- at hypnotic influence.
Therefore Freud always paid much attention to the analysis of dreams as he considered that it is the fastest and direct way to what is hidden in the depth of mentality of the person. Besides, the psychoanalyst some time of the practice actively was engaged in hypnosis on purpose "to reach" unconscious.
What else is unconscious according to Freud
As it was told, in the unconscious field of mentality numerous instincts which usually contradict standards of rules and orders are concentrated. Being exposed to suppression and control, these instincts are desires, low requirements, feelings and other – can become the reason of development of a neurotic state and not only.
Freud insisted on what unconscious it is necessary to call and consider such area where two basic instincts which are present at any person originate. The first – a libido – sexual energy of life. The second – a mortido – destructive energy of death. Both of these components make direct impact on the personality and what life the person what habits he possesses and so on leads.
So, for example, if the libido has no adequate exit and is very strong, it can lead to deviations in the sexual sphere. The mortido, in turn, can become the reason for which the person with own hand ruins himself in one way or another. When the person does not sublimate – does not find an opportunity to release the instincts in the adequate way, for example, through creativity, – neurosises, the intra personal conflicts are formed, the immoral behavior develops.