On production and in life quite often it is necessary to deal with liquids and gases. To pump up a car tire, to provide watering of green plantings or to fill with water the pool, the technical devices called pumps are widely used. Types of these devices there is great variety, at the same time the principle of operation of the pump is defined by its design.
The pump is the installation intended for the manual, mechanical or automated pumping of liquids or gases. For commission of simple operations manual pumps are used and if it is necessary to execute considerable amounts of works, the mechanics or automatic equipment is used. The most difficult devices have the drive in the form of the electric motor fed from network. Use of pumps in agriculture and in life for extraction of water is popular.
The simplest type of the pump known from antiquity, it is possible to consider Archimedes's screw. The device is the hollow pipe inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle. In a pipe the screw having the screw form is located. Rotation of the screw is carried out manually, by means of a wind wheel or with use of strength of draft animals.
At turn of the lower end of a pipe in it a certain volume of water gathers. During rotation of a shaft, water begins to climb a spiral until pours out from the top part of a pipe. Sections of the screw are not always tight, therefore water has an opportunity to filter from one compartment into another that promotes creation in the pump of dynamic balance and increases overall performance of the device. The main advantage of such pump consists in its simplicity and reliability. Minus it is possible to call the low speed of movement of liquid. In the ancient time supplied with such cars of Archimedes watering agricultural systems. There is a legend that hanging gardens of Babylon were irrigated by means of these devices. Their modified versions and can occasionally be met today in some underdeveloped countries of Asia and Africa. Today in life the big distribution was received by manual or foot air pumps. They consist usually of the case, the piston and valves. When the piston mechanically moves in one party, air pressure in the released camera falls. At the same time one of valves is closed, and the second, on the contrary, opens. The air filling it completely comes to the camera. If now to begin to move the piston in the opposite direction, pressure increases. At the following stage of a cycle air begins to come to light via the corresponding valve. By means of such manual mechanical pump it is possible to pump up pretty fast and effectively the bicycle tire or a soccerball. Pumps, more solid by the size, with the foot drive are used for filling with air of wheels of the car or inflatable boats. For pumping of liquids and gases on production much more difficult pumps and compressors are used. To understand their device and the principle of action, engineering education or familiarity with special literature quite often is required.