The race is the community of population of people having systematization on geographical and hereditary sign. External distinctive features are characteristic of each race. Emergence of human races is completely not studied. Opinions of scientists were shared.
The issue of emergence of human races, their initial quantity and essence is not studied up to the end. Process of formation of races is called race genesis. There are two main theories of race genesis having under themselves scientific justification. One theory is defended by polycentrists, and the second - monocentrists.
Theory of polycentrists
Polycentrists hold the opinion that emergence of human races depends only on their ancestors at the genetic level. In the course of formation they did not depend from each other and came from different ancestors from different places in terms of geographic location. In other words, on different continents parallel to evolved homo sapiens.
Thus, in the territory of modern Europe the Caucasian race, in Asia - Mongoloid, in Australia - causing a controversy Australoid, and in Africa - negroid was gradually created. Some scientists do not recognize Australoid race as separate big, connecting it to negroid in avstralo-negroid. The weak point of this theory is that obtaining pure race, from this point of view, seems only theoretically. In practice there were boundary territories where representatives of various races were crossed, creating so-called small races. For example, the Ethiopian small race is result of connection of representatives of negroid and Caucasian races. Between the Caucasian and Mongoloid there are even two small races - Ural and South Siberian.
Theory of monocentrists
The scientists calling themselves monocentrists consider emergence of human races result of initially general origin, and then skin color and other external factors separation. They prove the theory by much later divergence of mankind on races, than its origin. Concerning the theory of polycentrists, monocentrist has much more evidence among which the first acquisition of the main signs of the homo sapiens many centuries prior to a divergence on races is considered. It is possible to carry to proofs also a denial of complete genetic isolation as to consider impossible crossing in border areas and also conquerors with defeated, it is utopian. There is also a third proof, not less important, it is the tendency, general for all races, to decrease in lump of a skeleton and akselerativny development. Thanks to modern science there were new proofs of the theory of monocentrism based on data of DNA studied at representatives of various races. Nevertheless disputes between supporters of both hypotheses do not abate still. Scientists of each scientific fraction produce the evidence of emergence of human races.