The problem of recycling was current at all times, but exactly today this question rose so sharply that brings up the Shakespearean subject to global scales: actually to be or not to be to our planet? Possible answers only two: or people turn facing a problem, or our wonderful Earth will disappear under a lot of fetid garbage.
Experience of Sweden where process nearly 99% of garbage is useful. All Swedes sort garbage and store it in special containers (separately paper, glass, metal, plastic, the remains of food and that garbage which cannot be utilized), or bring to switchyards. Teach the correct sorting from kindergartens.
Behind various containers of garbage in certain days there come trucks and take away them into switchyards. Everything that is possible – goes for processing, and other garbage is burned, providing the electric power and heat for a large number of households (Stockholm for 45% is provided with electricity and heat that is produced by incineration plants).
Power plants work by loading with garbage of furnaces: burning waste, receive steam which rotates the turbine generator. Ashes (makes 15% of the initial weight of waste) are also sorted and again sent for processing.
From waste the Swedes receive also biogas: from 4 tons of waste it is possible to receive as much energy how many 1 ton of oil gives. For example, almost all Swedish garbage trucks use methane which is produced from garbage.
In the certain cities of Sweden use an underground air duct for transportation of garbage. Above the ground there is a ballot box with an opening under waste, and underground – its funded part. The saved-up waste by means of a strong air flow is soaked up in a sewer tunnel of large diameter on which are taken out on the central station of reception of garbage.
In many Swedish shops there are automatic machines for plastic and metal bottles in which Swedes change bottles for small change.
Experts say that in Sweden there was real "revolution of processing".
Sorting of garbage is habitual practice and for Japan where in an apartment house in the certain room it is possible to see about ten containers for garbage of a different type. For example, from a plastic bottle it is necessary to separate a stopper and the label, and then to squeeze a bottle.
Illegal ejection of garbage in Japan is a criminal offense on which it is possible to get an imprisonment term up to five years.
In only one Tokyo 22 waste-processing enterprises with steam turbines for electricity generation work.
The garbage which is not subject to burning in Japan is used for creation of bulk islands. In the same way use also the ashes remaining after burning.
The government and local government stimulates the companies in the United States too and citizens to sort garbage for processing. Since 1997 in the USA celebrate the Day of waste recycling – November 15. Now Americans actively sort garbage though 15 years ago opinion polls indicated that this practice can not take root.
And here Great Britain – the world leader in transformation of food waste into energy. It becomes by means of anaerobic splitting: use of bacteria for processing of food waste and receiving biogas and biofertilizer.
But there are also countries for which the garbage remains a big problem. One of them – India. A half of garbage just does not gather in India, and inhabitants often just throw out waste anywhere – including, to the sacred Ganges River. In 2017 the Supreme court on environmental issues of India forbade to throw out garbage closer, than for 500 meters from the river bank Ganges, and the penalty for violation was established at the level of 800 dollars.