Average air temperature, as well as average water temperature in reservoirs, is an important climatic indicator for any region. This parameter is necessary also in other situations. For example, settlements connect to heat supply if average daily temperature for several days is below +8 °C. In some cases success of a scientific experiment depends on the accuracy of this parameter. For its calculation it is necessary to take a number of measurements.
It is required to you
- - thermometer;
- - data of observations;
- - calculator.
Instruction
1. For performance of a task of calculation of average daily temperature of external air take several measurements. What thermometer to use — depends on the purpose. The ordinary spirit thermometer will be suitable for a school lesson. It has to be checked on reference as spirit devices have property to grow old. It is not recommended to use the mercury device, on a frost it very easily can fail. Graduation of a scale depends on necessary accuracy. The household spirit thermometer gives accuracy in 1 degree. In rooms where very high requirements to temperature condition, thermometers with smaller graduation, to the 100-th or even thousand shares of degree are usually used.
2. Making an experiment in warm season, take care of that the thermometer froze up in a shadow. Anyway conditions of observations have to be identical, otherwise not avoid mistakes. Look at the thermometer in the morning, at noon, in the evening and at midnight and write down indications. Summarize them and divide into the number of observations, in this case — on 4.
3. Accuracy of calculations depends not only on quality of the device, but also on the number of observations. For example, on meteorological stations temperature is measured by each three hours. Respectively, the sum received as a result of their addition needs to be divided not into 4 any more, and on 8. There are situations when it is necessary to take temperature each hour. Respectively, in a denominator of fraction there will be number 24.
4. Put positive and negative numbers just as always. That is if at you at night the thermometer shows -2 °C, and day of +4 °C, then it is necessary to divide into the number of observations +2 °. It turns out that in this case average daily temperature will be +1 °C.
5. For calculation of average daytime temperature define when in your area there comes midday. Consider standard and zone time. Having defined midday and midnight, count the moments of measurements of temperature. Day begins in 6 hours in the forenoon, and comes to an end in 6 hours after it. Make the first measurement at the moment corresponding on your calculation to six o'clock in the morning. Look at next time on the thermometer at 9 o'clock, then in 12, 15 and 18. Put the received results and divide into 6. Average night time temperature is calculated likewise. It is expedient to keep records of average daily, average daytime and night time temperatures.
6. To calculate average monthly temperature, put all average daily values. Divide them into 30, 31, 28 or 29 depending on that how many days in a month. Not always the whole number of degrees turns out. Round the turned-out number to that accuracy which is necessary for you. For a school experiment there are enough tenth shares. Round in the usual way. If figure of the category following the last necessary, less than 5 — round down if 5 or more — in big. In certain cases accuracy to the 100-th and thousand shares of degree or even is required above. In the same way calculate average monthly day and night temperatures.