The organization of wildlife allocates eight levels. Everyone the subsequent surely includes previous. The are characteristic of each level the building and properties.
The first four levels of the organization of wildlife
The first level of the organization of life – molecular. It is presented by various molecules which are available in living cell. It can be molecules of both organic, and inorganic compounds and their complexes. At this level the biology studies how molecular complexes are created and also as genetic information is transferred and inherited. What sciences are engaged in studying the first level of the organization of wildlife: biophysics, biochemistry, molecular biology, molecular genetics.
The second level – cellular. The cage represents the smallest independent unit of the building, functioning and development of a living organism. The cage is studied by science cytology. Cages in the most general view can be divided into nuclear and nuclear-free, the kernel of a cage contains genetic information. At this level the metabolism and energy of a cage, its life cycles are studied.
The third level – fabric, is presented by various fabrics. Fabrics consist of set of the cages different in structure and to functions. During evolution there were more and more types of living tissues. Animals have following: epithelial, connecting, muscular, nervous. At plants – carrying out, protective, the main and meristematichesky. Fabrics are studied by histology. The fourth level – organ, is presented by bodies of living organisms. During evolution the building and possibilities of bodies become complicated. If at the simplest unicells the main functions are performed by organellas primitive in structure, then at multicellular there are already most difficult systems of bodies. Bodies of living beings are created from various fabrics. For example, in heart is available both connecting, and cross-striped fabrics.
The second four levels of the organization of life
The fifth level – organismal or ontogenetichesky. At this level study monocelled and metaphytes of living beings. The science physiology is interested in this level. Ontogenesis process – development of an organism from birth to death, it is studied by physiology. Metaphytes consist of various bodies and fabrics. Are studied: a metabolism, the structure of an organism, food, a homeostasis, reproduction, interaction with the environment. The sixth level – population and specific, is presented by types and populations. A study subject - groups of the related individuals similar in structure, to a gene pool and interaction with the environment. Sciences evolution and genetics of populations are engaged in this level. The seventh level – biogeotsenoticheskiya. At this level biogeocenoses, circulation of substances and energy in them, balance between organisms and Wednesday, providing living organisms with resources and conditions for existence are studied. The eighth level – biospheric, is presented by the biosphere. Together with all previous at this level also influence of the person on the nature is considered.