What is hydrolysis? Literally, it – "decomposition by water". Hydrolysis of salt call the reversible interaction of salt with water leading to formation of weak electrolyte. What types of hydrolysis are possible? As salt consists of a cation and anion, hydrolysis can proceed by one of three possible options: hydrolysis on a cation (with water only the cation reacts); hydrolysis on anion (with water only anion reacts); joint hydrolysis (with water both the cation, and anion reacts). How to strengthen hydrolysis?
Instruction
1. To strengthen interaction, you can increase solution temperature. As hydrolysis is a reaction endothermic, according to Le Chatelie's principle, increase in temperature leads to its strengthening.
2. It is also possible to reduce concentration of the salt which is exposed to hydrolysis by means of water addition. It also leads to hydrolysis strengthening.
3. If products of hydrolysis are removed from solution (at formation of almost insoluble connection, that is settling out, or at formation of a gaseous product), then hydrolysis proceeds practically up to the end.
4. By "mutual strengthening of hydrolysis". For example: In different vessels the hydrolysis of two salts - chloride aluminum (the salt formed by strong acid and the weak basis) and carbonic sodium (the salt formed by the strong basis and weak acid) proceeded. As a result balances were established: 1) CO32– + H2O = HCO3– + OH-2) Al3 + + H2O = AlOH2 + + H +
5. Both salts are hydrolyzed slightly, but if to mix solutions, then there is a binding of ions of H+ and OH-. According to Le Chatelie's principle, both balances are displaced to the right, and hydrolysis proceeds completely with formation of almost insoluble substance (aluminum hydroxyl) and gas (carbonic): 2 AlCl3 + 3 Na2CO3 + 3 H2O = 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 CO2 + 6 NaCl