The 20th century was an age of changes. Science and technology the discoveries shedding light on a peace arrangement developed promptly, made. It is a lot of important researches which changed a view of the person and what surrounds it it was made also in biology.
DNA
Strictly speaking, DNA is discovered in the 19th century by Friedrich Mischer. However during that time the young Swiss scientist did not understand the value of the opening, the fact that the structure found by it bears full information on live objects. Understood details already later. In 1953 the English scientists Watson and Crick managed to understand structure of molecule DNA and to understand that in it information which can be descended is encrypted. The big contribution to opening was made also by Rozalin Franklin whose works and photos of DNA helped Watson and Crick to finish the work. Discovery of DNA had a huge impact on natural science disciplines. Studying viruses and bacteria, removal of cultures from which it is possible to receive a bigger harvest receiving drugs, treatment of many diseases, understanding of a number of evolutionary processes – after interpretation of DNA before scientists opened the new horizons.
Watson organized the Human genome project which is engaged in determination of the sequence of nucleotides in a human genome. Also Watson became the first person whose DNA was deciphered.
Immortality
Eternal life occupied minds of people long ago, but only in the 20th century the first steps on studying what is death and whether there are ways to delay or at all to prevent this event were taken in biology. Sydney Brenner for the first time suggested that cages are genetically programmed to death. During the work it allocated also the first gene which starts destruction of cellular structure. Later other scientist Robert Gorvits managed to find two more genes leading to suicide of a cage and also the gene interfering it. In the 21st century work in this direction is continued. Scientists hope that further interpretation of a genome will finally shed light on mechanisms of aging and death and will allow to operate these processes.
In 2002 for the opening Sydney Brenner got the Nobel Prize.
Stem cells
Though the term "stem cell" was born at the beginning of the 20th century, scientists drew close attention to them only in the nineties. Stem cells have important property – they are capable to turn into any other type of cages. At transplantation the main problem is in finding compatible body which after change can be all the same sawn-off an organism. Use of stem cells will solve this problem, new heart or kidneys can be grown up from cells of the patient. Such body ideally will take root.