Silver is considered precious metal, this chemical element is in the first group of a periodic system. In the nature it meets in the form of two isotopes, all of them are stable. Silver represents white-silvery brilliant metal, in the passing light and in thin films it has a bluish shade.
Instruction
1. Silver +1 oxidation level is considered the steadiest, but also +2 and +3 meet. Silver has the greatest electric conductivity and heat conductivity, and impurity worsen these properties.
2. About 60 minerals containing silver are known. They are divided into 6 groups: plain sulfides of silver (argentite, akantit), sulfates and halogenides (the cerargyrite and argentoyarozit), native silver and its alloys with gold and copper, (diskrazit) tellurides and selenides (gessit, naumanit, evkayrit also others), antimonites and arsenides, complex sulfides or thiosalts (pyrargyrite, light red silver ore, polibazit).
3. All mineral fields of silver can be divided into two groups - ores in which its contents exceeds 50%, and complex polymetallic ores of heavy and non-ferrous metals where silver less than 15% contain.
4. Silver — soft and plastic metal, it diamagnitno, and its magnetic susceptibility does not depend on temperature. Silver differs in high reflective ability, in the infrared range the reflection of beams is about 98%, and in visible area of a range — 95%.
5. Among all precious metals silver possesses the greatest reactionary ability, however chemically it is a little actively, easily forced out from the connections by more active metals.
6. Silver does not interact with air oxygen at the room temperature, but when heating to 170 wasps it becomes covered by an oxidic film. In the presence of moisture ozone oxidizes it to the highest oxides, and in interaction of heated metal with sulfur or hydrogen sulfide in the presence of oxygen silver sulfide is formed.
7. Silver is easily dissolved in the diluted or concentrated nitric acid, silver nitrate is as a result formed, and when heating in the concentrated sulfuric acid — sulfate. Halogens and the concentrated galogenovodorodny acids slowly react with metal silver in the presence of moisture, forming halogenides.
8. In the presence of oxygen silver interacts with solutions of cyanides of alkaline metals, complex cyanides are as a result formed. Organic acids and the melted alkalis do not influence metal silver.
9. In the form of alloys with other metals silver is used for production of solders, contacts, conductor layers and elements of the relay for devices in electrical equipment. Silver is applied to production of film and photographic materials, its alloys with copper and gold are used in stomatology for prosthetics, also do batteries of accumulators of high power consumption for the space and defensive equipment of it.