Barley is one of the most ancient crops, it belongs to the sort Hordeum uniting about 40 types. Among them there is one type of cultural barley and a set of types of wild.
Instruction
1. Barley is considered early culture, early ripening grades ripen within 50-60 days, late-ripening — in 100-120 days. Process of maturing includes three stages of ripeness: dairy, wax and full.
2. Barley belongs to the self-pollinated plants, however sometimes it is pollinated cross. Men's and women's bodies are at it in each developed flower. Most often blossoming coincides with the beginning of a kolosheniye, in droughty years it begins early and comes to an end to a full vykolashivaniye. In cool and damp days the blossoming occurs later and stops to a full exit of ears.
3. Cultural barley can be divided into three subspecies depending on number of cones on a ledge of a kolosovy core. Barley ordinary, or multirow belongs to subspecies of Hordeumvulgare L. On each chlenik of a kolosovy core it has three cones of which grain is formed.
4. Multirow barley is divided into two groups on ear density degree. Carry six-row barley with dense, rather short ear to the first group, in cross section it has an appearance of the correct hexagon. Each subspecies can be divided into versions depending on coloring of an ear and a zernovka, an ostistost and also the nature of awns.
5. An underground part of a plant includes primary and secondary roots, and elevated — leaves, stalks, an inflorescence and a fruit. At barley a mochkovaty root system. At germination of grain there are primary, or germinal, roots which perform the main functions on supply of a plant with moisture and food. Secondary nodal roots are formed in the period of a kushcheniye, under optimal conditions of food and moistening they are more developed, than primary. Intensive growth of a root system begins with a phase of a kushcheniye and comes to an end during filling grain.
6. In favorable conditions the stalk of barley reaches 50-100 cm, its thickness is from 2.5 to 4 mm. The stalk represents the hollow culm divided by 5-7 stem knots. Before maturing knots of green or violet color, after — reddish-yellow.
7. Barley differs in the increased insistence to fertility of the soil, it is caused by short deadlines of absorption of mineral food and the weak acquiring ability of roots. It badly transfers excess moistening and the increased acidity, on boggy soils yields poor harvests. The most big crops of barley are observed on loamy, cespitose and cespitose and carbonate soils.