The most widespread on the planet Earth of substance – waters – has one feature which distinguishes it from other liquids. When heating, water has property to extend, however only from 4 wasps. And here ranging from 0 up to 4 wasps there is an opposite process – water decreases. Thanks to this property when freezing a water surface, fishes and other inhabitants of the water world continue to live in depths of reservoirs.
Surprising properties of water
Amazing properties which strongly distinguish it from other liquids are inherent in water. But it and well, otherwise, have water "usual" properties, the mother Earth would be absolutely another.
Of the vast majority of substances it is characteristic when heating to extend. What it is quite easy to explain from a position of the mechanical theory of warmth. According to it, when heating, atoms and molecules of substance begin to move quicker. In solid bodies of fluctuation of atoms reach bigger amplitude, and they need more free space. As the result – occurs expansion of a body.
The same process happens both to liquids, and to gases. That is, due to temperature increase the speed of the thermal movement of free molecules increases, and the body extends. When cooling, respectively, there is a compression of a body. It is peculiar practically for all substances. Except for water. When cooling in the range from 0 up to 4 wasps water extends. Also contracts – when heating. When the mark of water temperature reaches 4 OS, at this moment water has the maximum density which is equal to 1000 kg/m3. If temperature is lower or higher than this mark, then density is always a little less. Thanks to this property at air fall of temperature in the fall and in the winter in deep reservoirs there is an interesting process. When water is cooled, it falls below, by a bottom, however only until until its temperature becomes +4os. For this reason colder water is in big reservoirs closer to a surface, and warmer – falls by a bottom. So when in the winter the water surface freezes, deeper layers continue to keep temperature of 4 wasps. Thanks to this moment the fish can quietly winter in depths of the reservoirs which became covered with ice.
Impact of expansion of water on climate
Exclusive properties of water when heating seriously affect climate of Earth as about 79% of a surface of our planet are covered with water. At the expense of sunshine there is a heating of the top layers which then fall below, and on their place there are cold layers. Those too, in turn, gradually heat up and fall closer to a bottom. Thus, water layers continuously change that leads to uniform warming up, temperature corresponding to the maximum density is not reached yet. Then, heating up, the top layers become less dense and do not fall down any more, and remain above and become just gradually warmer. Due to this process the huge thicknesses of water quite easily get warm sunshine.