At a concept an ecosystem a set of definitions, all of them are difficult clear. What is behind scientific character of definitions and how just to understand this term? It is enough to take of it to components and to mark out the main signs.
Instruction
1. The concept "ecosystem" is entered in 1935 by A. Tensli. This main concept of ecology and elementary unit of the biosphere of Earth. The ecosystem unites in itself living beings and lifeless objects of the nature. They surely coexist on one site, and their existence is interdependent, interconnected and defined by this area. In it circulation of substances is observed, circulation of the energy received by plants from the sun, the relations in it are organized and submit to laws of the nature. Each system keeps stability in time. This set of live and not live parts, stability and circulation of substances are the main signs of ecosystems.
2. Take any ecosystem: forest, field, reservoir. At all of them there are producers – the plants producing nutrients, konsument with use of solar energy – the organisms feeding on plants and other living organisms. Also in any system there are detritofag (the organisms consuming drop) both redutsenta – the mushrooms and bacteria which are finally destroying and decomposing the died-off remains. Thus, participants of natural community provide accurate circulation of substances, being in a power-supply circuit.
3. The sizes of ecosystems are not set by any geographical parameters. And in it their main difference from biogeocenoses. So, for example, in an ecosystem of the forest there can be other steady community in the territory of a stream. I.e. its sizes are also variable: from a drop of pond water, to the ocean and the biosphere. In this ecological concept the emphasis is placed on the developed power-supply circuits and circulation of substances and energy, a species diversity, but not on the size.
4. Considering an ecosystem, pay attention to its structure (quantity of types, the size of populations, their ratio and vital forms), to distribution of types and other components in space and relationship between them.