Electron – charged particle lightest electrically which participates practically in all electric phenomena. It, thanks to the small weight, is most involved in development of quantum mechanics. These fast particles found broad application in the field of modern science and technology.
Word ἤλεκτρον - Greek. It named an electron. This word as "amber" is translated. In ancient times the Greek scientists made various experiments which consisted in rubbing by wool of pieces of amber which then began to attract to themselves different small objects. The negatively charged particle which is one of the main units making structure of substance is called an electron. Electron shells of atoms consist of electrons, at the same time their situation and number are defining chemical properties of substance. About number of electrons in atoms of various substances it is possible to learn from the table of chemical elements made by D.I. Mendeleyev. The number of protons is always equal in an atomic nucleus to number of electrons which has to be in an electron shell of atom of this substance. Electrons rotate around a kernel with a huge speed and therefore they do not "fall" on a kernel. It is visually comparable the Moon which does not fall in spite of the fact that Earth attracts it. Modern representations of physics of elementary particles demonstrate lack of structure and indivisibility of an electron. The movement of these particles in semiconductors and metals allows to transfer and manage energy easily. This property is everywhere used in electronics, life, the industry, computer science and communication. In spite of the fact that in conductors the speed of the movement of electrons very small, electric field is capable to extend at the speed of light. Thanks to it current on all chain is established instantly. Electrons, besides corpuscular, have also wave properties. They participate in gravitational, weak and electromagnetic interactions. Stability of an electron follows from laws the disintegration on heavier is prohibited by charge conservation law, and, than the electron of a particle is prohibited by the law of energy conservation. About the accuracy with which charge conservation law is executed it is possible to judge by the fact that the electron, at least, in ten years, does not lose the charge.