Today it is often possible to hear the word "urbaniye", or "urbanization" which is applied in the different industries – from industrial to cultural. To its thicket use abroad, however in recent years it more often sounds in Russia. What means this unusual word and with what processes it is connected?
Cities and development of society
The term "urbaniye" comes from the Latin word "urbanus" that means "city". Urbaniya name process of increase of a role of the cities in active development of society – so, prerequisites to it is growth of the city industry, political and cultural functions and also territorially divided work. The main signs of an urbaniya is moving of the population of villages and small cities to the large cities where people get a job and introduce to megalopolises the cultural and community factor.
The return process when people move from the large cities to the small cities and villages, is called a ruralization.
Besides, urbanistic processes happen when forming wide zones of suburbs, transforming rural settlements to urban-type settlements and migrations of provincial inhabitants to the cities. Also there is a concept "nature urbaniye" which is connected with transformation of natural landscapes in landscapes artificial. Urbaniya usually goes hand in hand with the majority of political state processes – so, many historians consider an urbanization and evolution of statehood the interconnecting concepts.
Suburbanization
The suburban urbaniya or suburbanization is presented by processes of growth and development of suburbs of megalopolises which are formed in city agglomerations. In the course of a suburbanization, growth rates of the suburban population and human well-being considerably increase. The possibility of construction of houses of "rural type" in clean residential suburbs where much lower noise level and air pollutions and also is a lot of greens and the atmosphere of rest becomes result. Feature of a suburbanization is the fact that people continue to work in megalopolises, living at the same time in the suburbs. The suburban urbaniya is assessed differently and not always today positively as inhabitants of a residential suburb strongly depend on cars due to the lack of public transport. Causes concern and big inflow of people to the cities which exceeds the need for workers and promotes increase in unemployment rate and aggravates many social and economic problems. Hour trips of suburban inhabitants to the cities provoke jams, air pollution, loss of time and other problems therefore the developed countries try to develop routes of easily rail and railway public transport in suburbs.