Stalyam understand a class of the ferrous metals showing strength properties, big, than plain carbon steels as low-alloyed. Such indicators are reached due to addition of the alloying elements.
In low-alloyed stalyakh contents of the alloying elements does not exceed 2.5%. As the alloying elements molybdenum, chrome, nickel, vanadium, tungsten, silicon, niobium and titanium, as a rule, are used. Usually special letters and figures are applied to designation of structure. The letter at the same time designates the alloying element being a part of steel, and the figure shows its contents as a percentage. If the maintenance of an element is lower than one percent, the figure is not put. For example marking 18HGT designates that steel contains 0.18% of carbon and chrome, manganese and titanium less than 1% of everyone.
Properties
Chrome impurity in the low-alloyed steel raise indicators of its korroziynostoykost and also hardness. For fight against corrosion additives of molybdenum, the titan, nickel can be also used. Nickel promotes increase in plasticity and durability of steel, the titan strengthens it, molybdenum increases indicators of durability and a krasnostoykost. Understand ability of metal to resist to processes of wear at its use in zones with high rates of temperature as a krasnostoykost. If it is necessary to increase magnetopermeability of metal or its thermal stability, enter cobalt, manganese impurity into it more than one percent allows to increase considerably an indicator of hardness of metal and resistance to impact loads.
Application
The low-alloyed steel has a large amount of valuable qualities which are not available in usual steel. Various impurity, their percentage and types can make metal more fragile, heat resisting, corrosion-resistant and plastic. Use of the low-alloyed steel is very extensive: jewelry equipment, surgical instruments, various construction fittings, metalwork, mechanisms and industrial machines. The special type of the alloyed steel having a number of the necessary characteristics is applied to each case. For example, the low-alloyed steel 13X is used for production of the jewelry, surgical and engraving equipment, in its structure there is a chrome that does it rather firm. However alloying can negatively affect some indicators. So, steel 13X has the superficial temperature of calcinating and is unsuitable for use in the conditions of high temperatures — extreme value 200-250oC.