Today it is rather difficult to present modern life without telephone communication. Without an opportunity to communicate by phone of people feels the deprived communications with the rest of the world and the events which are taking place in it. In spite of the fact that the invention of phone is dated the 19th century, there are historic facts demonstrating that prerequisites to creation of this means of communication arose in immemorial times.
Instruction
1. According to some information in 968 the Chinese inventor whose name in historical sources did not remain created adaptation capable to transmit a sound by means of specially made pipes. A little later rope phone was constructed. It consisted of two diaphragms connected among themselves, however, its considerable shortcoming was the fact that the conversation could be carried on only at insignificant distance as the sound could be transmitted only due to vibration of a rope
2. All primitive devices created in the ancient time could transmit a sound only by means of vibrations. Phones which could work by means of electricity appeared much later. Charles Boursel was the first who entered such concept as "phone" and which gave the accurate description of the principle of operation of this device into our life. However a creator of this means of communication was not Boursel. The scientist did not manage to bring the theory to the practical embodiment in life therefore the author of such ingenious invention as phone, became absolutely other person.
3. Alexander Bell is considered the creator of the first device calculated on speech transmission. The idea of creation of the telephone set came to it when the scientist participated in a competition in the solution of the problems connected with consolidation of cable chains. Submits the application for obtaining the patent for the invention of Bell in 1876. The similar application on the same day, only several watch later, was submitted by E. Gray. But as Alexander Bell managed to make it earlier, he also took out the patent for an invention which changed the world to unrecognizability subsequently.
4. The device Bella had very many shortcomings as the tube of phone worked both for reception, and for speech transmission, and operations could be carried out only serially. Also in the device there was no alarm call. The call occurred by means of a whistle through a tube. The distance on which communication could be made was very small, and did not exceed 500 meters. Despite all available device shortcomings Aleksandra Bella, it, nevertheless, became the most unique invention which gave the powerful spur to development and improvement of telephone communication.
5. Later many inventors from the different countries began to be engaged in improvement of the telephone set and soon phone which was once the privilege of wealthy people, became available practically to everyone.