The perpetual motion machine - a dream of any scientist. This car is capable to perform work unlimited time, at the same time without borrowing energy from the outside. Objective physical laws showed impossibility of existence of the perpetual motion machine.
History of the perpetual motion machine
According to historical records, the Indian scientist living in the 12th century was the first person who suggested to construct the similar car. At this particular time Crusades of Europeans to the Holy Land began. Development of craft, economy and the equipment demanded development of new power sources. The popularity of the idea of the perpetual motion machine began to grow promptly. Scientists tried to construct it, but their attempts were not crowned with success.
Even more popular this idea became at 15-16 centuries with development of manufactory production. Projects of the perpetual motion machine were offered by all who feel like it: from the ordinary handicraftsmen dreaming to adjust the small factory to outstanding scientists. Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei and other great researchers after numerous attempts to create the perpetual motion machine came to the general opinion that it in principle is impossible.
To the same opinion the scientists living in the 19th century came. Among them there was Hermann Helmholtz and James Dzhoul. They independently of each other formulated the law of energy conservation characterizing course of all processes in the Universe.
Perpetual motion machine of the first sort
The impossibility of creation of the perpetual motion machine of the first sort follows from this fundamental law. The law of energy conservation says that energy does not appear from anywhere and completely does not disappear anywhere, and only takes the forms, new to itself. The perpetual motion machine of the first sort - the imagined system, is capable to make work (i.e. to make energy) unlimited time without energy access from the outside. The real similar system can make work only at the expense of decrease of the internal energy. But this work will be limited as stocks of internal energy of a system are not infinite. The heat engine for energy production has to carry out a certain cycle, so - every time to return to an initial state. The first beginning of thermodynamics says that the engine for commission of work has to receive energy from the outside. That is why it is impossible to construct the perpetual motion machine of the first sort.
Perpetual motion machine of the second sort
The principle of operation of the perpetual motion machine of the second sort consisted in the following: to take away energy from the ocean, lowering at the same time its temperature. It does not contradict the law of energy conservation, but creation of such engine is also impossible. The thing is that it contradicts the second beginning of thermodynamics. It is that energy from colder body cannot be transferred to hotter generally. Probability of such event tends to zero as it is irrational.