Usually preschool children acquire mathematical concepts easily and naturally. Situations when it is necessary to compare something in size, to put or increase, in everyday life it is enough. However there are also situations when parents need to explain something to the kid or to specially create a game situation when the child himself thinks as any given operation is performed and that has to turn out as a result.
It is required to you
- - any identical small objects;
- - any products which can be divided into parts;
- - cards or cubes with figures;
- - objects of different size;
- - measuring tools.
Instruction
1. Teach the child to compare objects of different parameters. The two-year-old kid can already distinguish a small square from a circle, and even another - from a triangle. This knowledge considerably will facilitate to it studying geometry. If you show also other geometrical figures and teach to analyze a form of different ""wrong"" objects, it will be much simpler to kid than them to draw then.
2. It is very important to teach to compare quantities of objects. At the first stage it is not necessary to consider anything. Teach the child to distinguish the concepts ""one"" and it is ""a lot of"". If in a vase one candy lies, then someone will get it to one and if much - it is possible to treat mom, dad, the grandmother and the grandfather, and even all children in the yard.
3. Create several game situations when the child needs to define in what group there are more objects in what - it is less and in what - as much. For example, it is possible to ask it to set the table. He already approximately knows in what place who sits. Let will put plates for all family members, and here spoons or forks give more or less, than it is necessary. If there were not enough spoons, it means that it is less of them, than plates. There was an excess fork? Means, it is more forks.
4. Begin to study mathematical operations from addition. Give to the child one subject - for example, a ball. Ask how many at it balls. And what will be if you buy one more? Sharikov will become two, and it is more, than one. Repeat this exercise with different objects that the child understood that it is possible to consider both balls, and cubes, and cars, and carrots, and even stones on accounts. At the beginning try to choose identical objects. Then it will be possible to ask a question how many objects are on a table. But by this moment the child has to understand already, ask it to count some concrete things or objects in general.
5. Action, the return to addition, is subtraction. It is possible to explain it clearly too. Five people sat at a table, one left for work - how many remained? Continue game exercises with cubes and dolls.
6. Construct lodges of cubes and lodge tin soldiers there. Make so that was not enough for one soldier of a lodge. Why so it turned out? Because it is more soldiers, than lodges. Ask the child to count those and other objects.
7. Begin to study figures. Explain to the kid that the quantity of any objects is designated on the letter by a certain badge. Give it several identical objects, ask them to count and show what figure designates this number. Then give as much other objects and too ask to count. On a card there will be the same badge in spite of the fact that for the first time considered soldiers, and in the second - machines. Show to the kid how signs of arithmetic actions familiar to it are designated on the letter. Suggest to make an example independently. For example, five cars were in the yard, two left. How will it look on cards? And if there were five carrots, and two of them were eaten by a rabbit - what will turn out? The child has to understand that figures can designate any objects.
8. Multiplication it is the best of all to explain by means of the acquaintance already addition actions. If you have two apples, to them added two more, and then still - how many it will turn out? Ask the kid how many times you took two apples. Tell that if to take identical quantity of objects several times, then it is possible to count them much quicker. Enough apples which was right at the beginning to increase by the number of times when apples added. At the same time the very first time is considered too.
9. To explain division, prepare such quantity of identical objects which can be divided equally into all family members. The child already knows the concept ""as much"". Suggest it to count objects, and then to distribute them to all family members so that all had about two candies or on four balls.
10. The preschool child can acquire and simple fractions. For this purpose you need watermelon, apple, orange or still something like that. You have one apple. You are two, and everyone wants that to it got a little. How to arrive that it was offensive for nobody? It is possible to cut apple on two parts are equal, then to all will get on a half. In the same way it is possible to divide it that was enough for both dad, and the grandmother.