Bronchial asthma is the chronic respiratory disease which is followed by cough, short wind and attacks of suffocation. Asthma can develop at any age, approximately at a half of all patients it begins in the childhood.
Instruction
1. There is a set of the factors capable to provoke developing of bronchial asthma. The heredity belongs to such risk factors, first of all, - it is proved that at a third of patients the disease was descended. If one parent is sick with asthma, the risk of development of a disease in the child will be about 30% and if both parent are sick, probability will be already 75%.
2. One more risk factor are various professional factors - the contact with dust, harmful evaporations, gases increases risk to ache several times. Increase in incidence in the last two decades is connected with environmental pollution by exhaust gases, smoke, harmful evaporations. The great value in growth of incidence is attached to frequent use of aerosols, household chemicals and various detergents.
3. Most often the disease has exogenous character, that is arises under the influence of various external allergens. Pollen of plants, house dust, hair of pets, etc. can become them. Some patients with allergens can have nonsteroid resolvents (Aspirin) and also cold, pungent smells, influence of chemical means. The attack of suffocation can begin after physical activity, especially if it is followed by inhalation of dry or cold air (asthma of physical effort).
4. Under the influence of allergens there is hypostasis and a spasm of bronchial tubes, a large amount of slime which prevents air to pass through airways begins to be developed. The most frequent symptoms of bronchial asthma - cough, short wind with suffocation attacks, the whistling rattles and congestion in a thorax. Cough is usually painful, amplifies at night, after inhalation of cold air and after physical effort. Asthma with prevalence of cough often occurs in children.
5. Short wind with the complicated exhalation which is followed by the whistling rattles is characteristic of asthma, the breath at the same time passes normally. During an attack of the patient accepts the forced sitting position, the attack often is followed by cough with the subsequent allocation of a vitreous phlegm. Out of an attack no signs of the desease often are observed.
6. Only the doctor has to appoint treatment of bronchial asthma, it is desirable the pulmonologist. The basic (supporting) medicines which influence mechanisms of formation of asthma and also symptomatic means which are used for removal of an attack are applied to treatment. The dosage and a combination of medicines are selected the doctor individually and depend on disease severity.
7. If asthma has allergic character, in addition to the main treatment the specific immunotherapy is carried out. Its purpose - creation of immunity of an organism to those allergens which cause attacks in the patient. Allergens in gradually increasing dosages are for this purpose entered, the effect of treatment by that will be higher, than earlier it is begun.
8. Also sick exercises and respiratory gymnastics are recommended, creation of the environment in which there is no place to allergens is of great importance. Now practically in all large cities there are schools of patients with bronchial asthma where they are trained in all actions connected with a disease.