Now more often on personal plots it is possible to meet the beautiful curling lianas which have tasty and useful berries. These plants are called aktinidiya. They can perfectly twist and decorate any gazebo or fence with the exterior.
Aktinidiya represents long-term liana. It grows in our country in the Far East under natural conditions. Berries of aktinidiya have set of medicinal properties. They help people to cope with physical and intellectual overfatigue, rheumatism, tuberculosis and violations of brain blood circulation.
Types and grades of aktinidiya
In total about 40 species of this plant are known. For cultivation in gardens in our country only three species of this curling bush are used: kolomikt, Argut and polydin. The most widespread look for midland and Moscow area is the kolomikt aktinidiya. It grows to 4 meters in height and has good winter hardiness in comparison with other representatives of this plant. Some grades of this look can maintain temperature to-40 degrees. Fruits of aktinidiya of kolomikta have pleasant pineapple smell and grow in length up to 3 cm.
Aktinidiya arguta is less winter-hardy. Therefore for the winter it needs to be covered. This plant rather tall can also reach in height of 10 m. At arguta the fruits have the various form and dark green color. In Moscow area it fructifies at the end of August. Its productivity breaks all records in comparison with other types. From one bush it is possible to collect not less than 10 kg of berries.
Aktinidiya of polydin grows in height to 6 m. Has large flowers and tasty cylindrical fruits. In usual conditions ripens at the end of September. Fresh fruits polydins have rather bitter taste. Therefore before consumption they need to be exposed to frost.
Now huge number of various grades which can grow in various conditions is removed. The most known are: Gourmand, September, Commodore, Leningrad, Stranger, Koroleva of garden, Fruit-paste sweet, Sweet tooth, Apricot, Fragrant, Large-fruited, Chinese, Seaside, Pineapple, Delicious, Krasnodar, Giantess, Commander, Szymanowski, Nakhodka, Anastasia, Strawberry, Rich, Hybrid, Sakhalin and others. Better to buy saplings for landing on the site only the checked and known grades. At the same time their quality is checked at once upon purchase. For this purpose attentively examine root system on availability of some damages.
Landing of aktinidiya
Aktinidiya is dvudomny plant. On it both men's, and pistillate flowers can be formed. At the same time on the site for receiving harvest it is necessary to grow up plants of both sexes.
For the choice of the optimum place of cultivation of aktinidiya consider some of its main requirements and features. She does not love close located underground waters. Perfectly grows on high-fertile soils, especially chernozems and prefers light places.
Put aktinidiya to the open ground either in the fall, or in the spring. The distance between plants has to be not less than 2 meters. Before landing the saplings ret in the clay talker. The landing hole is dug out by 60x60 cm. On bottom of hole fill beaten brick or crushed stone for drainage. Then in it fill up the soil mix consisting of fertile soil, humus, wood ashes and superphosphate. Aktinidiya is put on such depth that the root neck was at ground level in result. After landing the saplings shorten. Leaving on them only 2-3 good kidneys. The earth under plants is mulched peat and, properly, watered.
Care for aktinidiya
That the aktinidiya on your site well grew it is necessary to look after it correctly. This process includes several stages: watering, fertilizing, cutting and protection against wreckers.
Watering of aktinidiya
Aktinidiya treats plants which very much love moisture. And if on the street the small amount of precipitation drops out, then it is necessary to carry out artificial waterings regularly. It is done once a week, pouring out 5-6 buckets of water under each bush. In case of lack of moisture of plant begin to throw off leaves. At resumption of waterings they form side kidneys which freeze slightly in the winter and can lead to death of plants.
Fertilizing of aktinidiya
As well as many other plants on personal plot, aktinidiya it is necessary to feed up three times. The first time it is done in the spring, introducing the complex mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The next time for application of fertilizers comes when on plants ovaries are formed. And the last fertilizing is carried out in the middle of September after harvesting. At the same time before winter introduce any phosphoric and potash fertilizers. It will help aktinidiya to get well ready for winter.
Cutting of aktinidiya
For cutting of plants ideal time is the middle of fall. At the same time cut out the dry, broken and damaged escapes. And also too long one-year escapes, shortening them on 20-30 cm. It is necessary to cut off aktinidiya every year. It significantly simplifies forming of the correct bush.
There is set of ways of reproduction of aktinidiya. It can breed inoculations, layers, root offsprings, young growth and shanks.
As it is not surprising, but the only wreckers of aktinidiya are domestic cats which are attracted by tasty radio smell. They pick bark of plants and do it certain harm. For protection against them around aktinidiya it is necessary to establish the high protections consisting of the metal gauze. During fructification the aktinidiya does not attract these pets.