The waterproofing of basements is the whole package of measures directed to securing the "zero" floor against moisture penetration which reason of emergence can be underground waters, long pouring rains and even breaks of pipelines of systems of heat or water supply. When you conduct construction of own house independently, consider that the waterproofing of the basement needs to be made at once, at stage of construction of the base.
Types of waterproofing
There are three most widespread types of waterproofing: antipressure head, non-pressure and capillary, the possible ways of penetration of underground waters into the room of the basement considering everything. Antipressure head, representing external waterproofing barrier, it is designed to protect base laying from strong impact of underground and melt waters which happens in the period of spring high water. The non-pressure waterproofing provides protection against the long rains and storm waters having short-term influence. The anticapillary isolating layer protects the base and internal rooms of the first floor from moisture penetration, preventing their destruction.
The moisture congestion in the basement of the building is fraught with destruction of the base, walls and half of the basement. Evaporating, it is condensed also in the top rooms, causing damage to situation and finishing.
Before doing by the hands any given type of waterproofing, it is necessary to obtain data of geological study and to define the level of underground water characteristic of your parcel. If the foundation for the house under construction is laid below this level, the waterproofing will need to be done surely, regardless of what materials will be used for filling of the base. The waterproofing will be required even when the base is flooded with special crack-proof reinforced concrete with the waterproofing additives increasing its specific density and protecting from moisture penetration from the outside.
Today most often use waterproofing of the getting action – the latest insulating covering on the basis of modern materials and technology solutions. With its help the question of hydroprotection of underground and land parts of the building is solved most effectively. The waterproofing is two types – internal and external, the ideal result turns out at their simultaneous performance, your actions will be directed to prevention of the destroying influence of external spontaneous waters and protection of floor and walls of the basement against moisture penetration.
External waterproofing of walls and half of the basement
This type of waterproofing works means package of measures directed to protection of lower face of half of the basement and outer surface of its walls. To some of effective ways to prevent moisture penetration through floor, the insulating pillow laid on bottom of the ditch which is dug out under the base is. For this purpose at first it is put and the layer of clay over which it is necessary to put several layers of roofing felt or roofing material is densely stamped. Sheets have to be laid with an overlap with stock of 10-15 cm, from above seams need to be covered with bituminous mastic. The moisture barrier of floor has to be wider on couple of dozen centimeters than the base that it was possible to stack on it waterproofing for walls. After that it is possible to fill in floor with concrete.
Vertical isolation becomes on the same technology. Sheets of roofing material fasten to base layer and are laid along all walls on base perimeter. Their height has to be 20 cm higher than the top level of the base. In the remained gaps between walls of ditch and the vertical surface of the base it is possible to fill up clay and to densely stamp it. When gaps rather wide, it is good to make laying in half-brick and only then to fill up slots with clay. In certain cases it is enough to cover by means of the fastening elements which are built in at an angle in base walls of them with the good waterproofing structure. For reliability fixture and waterproofing can be filled in with water-repellent solution in addition.
Internal waterproofing of walls and half of the basement
It is carried out from within, and the structure of works depends on what material was used for basement wall construction. If it is large-format blocks, it is necessary to process carefully all seams and joints the waterproofing bituminous mastic, the layer it has to be rather thick – not less than 2 cm. The surface of blocks needs also to be processed mastic, the layer has to be thinner, but continuous, without admissions. After that walls need to be plastered, having fixed on them previously grid or framework from armature for rigidity. Plaster is imposed by layer not less than 2-3 cm thick.
For strengthening of waterproofing effect, build drainage system along perimeter of the house under construction. She can be brought subsequently in the top drainage system which will equip your site.
More effectively, at stage when floor has not dried finally to process its surface the special getting waterproofing structure which to prevent capillary leakage of moisture through concrete. When this moment is missed, and floor has already dried, traditional material – bituminous mastic is used, it it is necessary to process well and joints between walls and floor.