Materials which receive from mineral or polymeric raw materials by impact on it chemical foaming agents belong to the category of frothed heaters. Allocate five main types of heat insulators for the construction sphere — foamglass, penoizol, penopolietilen, extruded polystyrene foam, penoplen.
Frothed heat-insulating structures differ in set of unique properties and technical specifications depending on the chosen version. Their quality and efficiency depend on amount of the atmospheric or other gas which is contained in time. Frothed materials have the low level of heat conductivity that does them very demanded at construction of owner-occupied dwellings and cottages.
Foamglass and its features
This mineral product is made of the crushed glass by means of foaming of the melted weight. Strong heater has octagonal or round time depending on modification, is painted in light green, black or brown colors.
By production of foamglass are also used: soda, limestone, quartz sand, anthracite or marble, dolomite or lamp black. Different variations of structures on which operating ability of finished goods depends are possible. Usually foamglass is sold in the form of granules or plates, special blocks, shaped products. This frothed material for thermal insulation has the following advantages:
- long terms of operation — for 50 years does not lose the technical characteristics;
- high strength on compression;
- dimensional stability — material does not give also the minimum shrinkage in the course of use;
- maintaining heat conductivity during all term of operation;
- resistance to influences of biological and chemical character;
- the fire safety — does not light up from naked flame, but can melt at 1000 OS above zero;
- hydrophobic structure — extremely low coefficient of water absorption;
- ecological security — does not contain the toxic substances poisoning air, "breathes".
But foamglass has also shortcomings. It is too big weight, difficult production technique and susceptibility to power loadings. Use of this material at construction of pools, arrangement of roofs of industrial buildings, designing of various underground constructions is relevant.
Penoizol and his properties
This frothed heater is done of carbamide pitches which mix with acids and foaming agent. Use of penoizol is relevant as it does not require thorough preliminary training of the basis. For putting material take special sleeve or hose, fill in surface. Heater itself even before hardening is evenly distributed on it, fills all cracks, roughnesses, eliminates defects. Treat the main advantages of this heat insulator:
- high fire safety;
- resistance to biological corrosion and influence of chemicals;
- excellent properties of heat preservation — on this indicator penoizol does not concede even to mineral wool;
- the hygroscopicity and vapor permeability — heat insulator "breathes", prevents accumulation of destructive moisture;
- the first-class antibacterial properties — in years of operation on surface of penoizol are not formed mold and fungus;
- high elasticity;
- the optimum term of operation — up to 30 years.
The penoizol has too minuses from which the average strength is considered the main thing. It can not sustain power loading and crumble. Small amount of formaldehydes in structure also belongs to shortcomings. When heating penoizol can emit toxic substances, but within norm.
Made foam penopolietilen: popular and widespread
This heater is done of polyethylene which is exposed to processing by means of hydrocarbon. It is issued in rolls or sheet format, in the form of plaits and other designs. For maximum efficiency penopolietilen often perforate, connect to the polished aluminum foil to reflect infrared radiation. This heater can be used at arrangement of floors. It is possible to carry to pluses of heat insulator:
- vapor permeability;
- high level of moisture absorption;
- fine sound insulation with protection against noise to 32 dB;
- fire safety;
- moderate heat conductivity.
Penopolietilen treats ecologically safe materials. When melting and burning he emits water and carbon dioxide. In case of the shortage of oxygen the limit heating of substance can lead to formation of extremely dangerous carbon monoxide.
Extruded polystyrene foam and its advantages
It is frothed heat insulator which is similar to polyfoam, but it is made under other conditions. For its production the granules of polystyrene mix with frothing weight and heat to maximum temperature. The turned-out material is sold in the market in the form of plates. It is possible to mark out the following advantages of extruded polystyrene foam:
- excellent hygroscopicity and low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
- high strength on compression;
- operation terms up to 50 years;
- resistance to influence of salts, alkalis, acids, ammoniac solutions and oils.
Formaldehydes, toluene, oil and other substances can cause serious loss to this type of frothed heater.
It is a little about the penoplena
This material "for the company" is carried to heat insulators for construction sphere of activity. It represents polyvinylchloride paste which was made foam, have applied on paper basis and have subjected to high-temperature influence. Penoplen is delivered in rolls and can have the relief surface painted in different color shades.
Material is not recommended for use in rooms with the increased humidity level. Also you should not apply it where it will be exposed to heating, influence of sunshine. On operating ability penoplen it is possible to carry to the decorative finishing products reminding thick wall-paper with the drawing more likely. It has mediocre communication with the real frothed heat insulators and does not compete with them even for 50%. Therefore popularity of this structure very low if it is required to warm the room urgently.