In the Russian market growth of interest in the country parcels is noted, and, of course, demand for services of builders increases. But most of owners of sites are busy not with the choice of the contractor, but search of the answer to question – how to build the house the hands. It is possible, and even without availability of knowledge in this area.
Construction of the house the hands practices more often. In spite of the fact that process difficult, is big risk to make mistakes, the majority from made up the mind to this step try to obtain success and build inexpensive, but sound houses the hands on the country parcels. The secret of success is simple – detailed study of types of materials and their features, creation of the project of the house, observance of construction methods and leading of communications. The construction market offers not only wide choice of materials for construction of owner-occupied dwellings, but also base of the experts ready to advise. Besides, printing editions of various formats provide detailed recommendations about each stage of works.
Main stages of construction of the house the hands
One of the most important stages of construction of the house – the choice of the site and its registration in property or purchase. If on it construction is planned, then it is necessary to check compliance to its such parameters as remoteness from the city, availability or lack of communications and infrastructure facilities within walking distance, good highways. Besides, the huge value has site landscape, soil dampness level.
After the site is picked up, it is possible to start stages of construction of the house the hands:
- creation or acquisition of the project,
- material selection,
- laying of the foundation,
- wall construction,
- mounting of roof,
- connection to communications, ·
- finishing finishing.
After the project is prepared and the parent material is chosen, it is possible to start calculation of the estimate on construction of the house the hands. Expenses on materials, fixing parts and heater, elements of communications – pipes, wiring will enter it. It is not necessary to put expenses on fee of team of builders as the house will be built by own efforts in the estimate. The lack of this line allows to save the considerable sum, but it is important to understand that process will be longer, than with the assistance of professionals in it.
Creation of the project of the house
Purchase of the project of owner-occupied dwelling is quite costly, but it is possible to save also in this plan if to create it independently, and to connect the expert only on closing stage when the technical plan of future building is formed. When developing the project it is worth making a start from the following requirements to the house which is going to be built the hands:
- convenience and practicality,
- maximum simplicity of design,
- internal and external esthetics.
It is better to fix all steps of design on paper. The first that becomes during creation of the project of owner-occupied dwelling – is defined its area, the necessary number of rooms, including auxiliary rooms, for example, bathrooms, the boiler house, the area of the hall and kitchen miscalculates.
It is important to understand that the project of the house is not just its drawing, and the exact scheme created with observance of scale. It is so much easier to compare floor area, it is correct to calculate their ratio, to determine the level of their comfort. If the basement or attic room is planned, then and for them it is necessary to create exact schemes.
Besides, the project of the house needs to be "tied" to the technical plan of the site – where it will be put as far as the entrance to the house will be removed from entrance on the site, from lines of communications, borders with the next plots.
Materials and their features
Experts do not recommend to save on materials at construction of the house the hands. It is necessary to choose them, making a start not from cost, and from features of climate of the area and site – soil dampness, relief. The most widespread materials:
- wooden bar,
- brick,
- gas concrete,
- framework structures.
Frame construction of the house the hands can be executed on one of two technologies – to the panel or panel board principle. Panel board option of the house more expensive, but also more reliable, and for its construction it will be spent much less time. Panel houses less seysmoustoychiva, than panel board, the technology demands additional financial investment in heater acquisition.
Brick – optimal variant for construction of cottages the hands, and both one-storey, and two-storeyed. Constructions from this material turn out quite heavy, and it is possible to build them only on the dense soil with low humidity which is not shrinking.
Blocks from gas concrete for construction of houses the hands – worthy and inexpensive alternative to brick buildings. This light material, for it is not necessary the strong base, it perfectly keeps heat and possesses high rates of sound insulation.
The best material for construction of residential buildings, by right, the tree, to be exact – wooden bar is considered. The building will cost much cheaper, than brick, will serve long if technologies are observed, will be warm, ecologically safe and the most comfortable for accommodation.
Laying of the foundation
The base is basis of the house, the guarantor of its durability and comfort. Its technical characteristics are determined by the following parameters – features of soil, depth of proleganiye of underground waters, weather conditions (amount of precipitation), availability or lack of basements in the building, type of the parent construction material and its specific weight. The soil dampness and depth of proleganiye of underground waters have to be defined by experts, by means of special devices, such as hygrometer. It is independently, almost, impossible to execute measurements of these parameters. On the basis of characteristics of the site one of base types is chosen:
- pile,
- tape,
- block,
If the one who has decided to build the house the hands has no due experience and knowledge in this area, then it is better to connect the expert to the choice of type of the base, and already on the basis of its recommendations to buy materials, to form ditch and to put foundation of future building.
House wall construction the hands
Walls are basis, design framework, and it is necessary to approach their construction very responsibly. Whatever has been chosen material, it is necessary to study in detail work technique with it, in advance to buy necessary consumables and fastening elements, to deliver them to the site where construction of the house is conducted by the hands and to get support of the expert in respect of periodic consultation.
Load bearing walls of the house are at once formed taking into account specifications to them – steady and strong, with high rates warm and noise isolations, rather rigid to sustain the weight of roof and finishing materials.
The choice of heater is very important for the bearing (external) walls of the house. The tree, as a rule, does not need additional warming, and here framework and gas-concrete structures need it. For frame houses will be suitable the minvat, and for walls from gas concrete it is possible to use polyfoam. As thermal insulation material polystyrene, penoplex, plaster with heat-insulating properties will be suitable for brick walls.
Mounting of roof of the house the hands
Materials for roof are bought together with parent materials as the roof needs to be mounted at once after construction of box of the house. Irrespective of type of its design, will be necessary:
- rafters and couplers,
- runs and racks,
- roofing material.
All elements before use are carefully dried and processed by antiseptics. Parts are measured and adjusted if necessary.
Forming of roof is carried out on sunny day, in warm season. Experts do not recommend to put roof in the winter or in the fall when material is saturated with moisture. The rafter system can be deformed after drying, so also material by which it is roofed is deformed.
Basis of rafter system – inferior purlin. It is the peculiar belt from metal or tree laid on all perimeter of the house on load bearing walls. On it roof rafters will fasten, he will be responsible for its durability and durability.
It is important to understand that the rafter system needs high-quality fastening. Normal nails for these purposes are not recommended to be used. Optimal variant – brackets or screws which are capable to provide the due durability of rafter system. Besides, it is impossible to save on fixing parts for mounting of roofing material as it is exposed to serious mechanical loading.
Leading of communications and finishing finishing of the house
To draw lines of communications – gazo-, water - and power supply, the hands is impossible. Experts, the representative of the supplying companies have to perform this stage of work on construction of the house. They have the right for temporary shutdown of delivery lines, they have plans - general lay-outs of lines and admission to performance of similar works.
Finishing works on interior and external finish of the house can be begun only after all communications are brought to it, electrical outlets and switches, cranes on water are installed - and the gas pipeline, their functionality is checked, safety of their operation is confirmed.
At first the interior finishing finish – warming and finishing of walls, ceilings and floor, their decor is carried out. Exterior finish can be carried out later, for example, in year. Moreover, experts recommend not to hurry to perform this stage. Walls can shrink that will negatively affect condition of the used finishing materials.
Process of construction of the house the hands is difficult and can take a lot of time, but result, on condition of observance of all recommendations and technologies, cannot but please. The main thing is not to hurry, in details to think over the project and it is correct to choose materials for construction of the house as the hands.