The Cartogram of Earthwork Operations (CEO) is necessary by drawing up the project of master plan of the parcel. Also cartograms study on geodetic specialties in higher education institutions.
It is required to you
- - paper, ruler and pencil or the software for drawing;
- - calculator.
Instruction
1. Basic data for KZR is the geounderlying cause and vertical layout of the territory. On geounderlying cause the existing position levels have to be specified. Usually they are specified in type of separate points or horizontals. The drawing of vertical layout shows design ground level.
2. It is necessary to apply grid of squares with the party of 10 m on the plan or more, depending on accuracy. In each corner of square it is necessary to enter the black (existing) and red (design) marks and also the position points representing difference between red and black. It is obvious that corners of squares can not coincide with the known position levels, in this case they are found by interpolation method. Positive position points mean embankment and are marked with zanok ""+", otrichatelny mean dredging and are marked with the sign "" -"". If at the party of square there are plus and minus position points, then between them calculate zero points (also interpolation). Connecting these points, draw the line of zero works, that is border between dredging and embankment.
3. Further calculate volumes of dredging and embankment for each square. It is necessary to multiply average position point on the area of square. For example, if in corners of square marks have turned out: 1.10, 1.00, 1.15 and 0.30, and the party of square of 25 m, volume of embankment it will be equal: ((1.10 + 1.00 + 1.15 + 0.30)/4) * (25*25) = 555 (m3). If the square is separated by the line of zero works, then the formula of the area of triangle or trapeze can be necessary for calculation of volume. As a result volumes of dredging and embankments of all squares are put and receive the total amount of embankments and dredging. Having compared these volumes, teach balance of earth masses.