Grapes — gentle southern plant which needs a lot of heat and sunlight. At cultivation in the conditions of Moscow area it is threatened by a number of diseases, the majority of which has the fungal nature. The most widespread and dangerous — mildew, oidium (mealy dew), anthracnose, gray decay. To keep rods and to receive harvest of fragrant berries, it is necessary to be able to protect grapes from diseases.
Instruction
1. Health of grapevine in many respects depends on competent selection of grades and the correct agrotechnology. For cultivation on the garden site situated near Moscow select the superearly and early grades zoned for northern zones of ukryvny wine growing. The vegetation period for them is 95-110 days at the maximum average daily temperature of 18 wasps, and for mortgaging of fruit kidneys it is enough that in the afternoon stem of thermometer has risen to 21-23os. The new complex and steady grades of grapes removed by selectors for the last 15-20 years it is more preferable classical. Allocate for rods the warmest and light place on the site, provide good airing, watering and scarification. In due time you introduce fertilizers: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus before blossoming and after formation of ovaries, potassium and phosphorus — in August.
2. In the spring, approximately in week after removal of winter shelters, process grapes 3% solution of iron vitriol, oxychloride of copper or the Bordeaux mix. Carry out the second processing by 1% solution after blooming of leaves. It will protect grapes from mildew which at damp and warm weather (rather morning temperature 11-13os) appears in May. The fungus strikes foliage, young escapes, inflorescences. Leaves become covered by yellow spots with mealy white raid from below, gradually grow brown and dry up.
3. After blossoming make preventive spraying by colloid sulfur against oidium (mealy dew). This disease of grapes arises in dry, hot weather and affects all green bodies of plant. They become covered by mealy raid with specific smell of rotten fish, decay and fall down. Processing by sulfur helps also from gray decay which can appear in warm, damp weather on inflorescences and berries.
4. If preventive measures have appeared insufficiently, processings need to be continued in the summer. Against mildew and anthracnose spray with 1% solution of the Bordeaux mix or oxychloride of copper each two weeks. The bottom side of leaves has to be constantly covered with medicine. Against oidium one more spraying by colloid sulfur suffices usually. Cut off all struck parts of plant and burn. In 20 days prior to harvesting of berries of processing stop.
5. In the fall, after leaf fall, cut off rods and spray them with copper or iron vitriol against the wintering stages of diseases of grapes. Connect and cover plants.