Ventilation of attic-floor room in the house is important very much irrespective of, it is inhabited or uninhabited. In cases of use of the attic as penthouse fresh air is necessary for comfortable stay and as barrier to emergence of mold on corners where air stands. When the attic is not used under housing, ventilation is necessary for reduction of humidity that promotes durability of the basis of roof.
Thus, under any circumstances the ventilation of the attic is necessary and it is desirable to provide it on building projecting phase. Correctly arranged ventilation will exclude emergence of condensate at windows in the attic-floor rooms used under penthouse and also will prevent emergence of mold which arises irrespective of materials which were used at construction of the house.
Correctly executed vent system will remove excess air humidity that as a result will affect roof resource in general and condition of paroizolyatsionny materials in particular.
As it is already told, attics are inhabited and not inhabited. It causes basic difference of design of two types of ventilation systems of attic-floor rooms.
- Ventilation of the cold attic. It does not represent particularly complex constructive schemes. Usually inflow of fresh cold air pro-spirits provide, the roofs arranged under overhangs of rafter system. It promotes replacement of warmer air for which exit the roof windows or other special openings mounted in upper part of pediment or slope are provided. Only bad thermal insulation between premises and the attic can break reliability of such natural forced-air and exhaust system. As a result of it up the surplus heat from below will get and on the attic stalactites with stalagmites will grow. What will promote, naturally, rotting of rafters of roof.
- Ventilation of the warmed penthouse. As a rule, attic rooms if the house is used all the year round, have heating services. It considerably complicates ventilation of the room. In this case, except forced-air and exhaust system of ventilation, it is necessary to mount ventilation of roofing pie. Modern roofing materials are made taking into account that between them counterfurring with ventilating gaps will be mounted. This option today the most preferable. Among other things, it is necessary to consider that the ventilation system of the heated attic is in complex. It needs to be counted taking into account warming of pipes, isolation of other communications and also characteristics of the used thermal insulation materials.
The supply and exhaust ventilation has two options of execution – natural or compulsory. Natural as it is already told, provides intake of cold air through the lower openings and exit warm through the pro-spirits located in vekhny part of walls of the attic. Shortcomings of such system come to light in hot weather when for airing of the room of insufficiently cold air.
Compulsory supply and exhaust ventilation more effective, but also more expensive. It demands installation in upper part of slope of roof of exhaust cooler which removes warm air outside. Along with this process from below warm air is substituted colder that provides good ventilation of attic-floor room. Such system does not depend on weather conditions, equally effectively works both in the winter, and in the summer.
There are different technical solutions allowing to let out outside from attic-floor room the air intended for replacement.
- The diversion channel through the fad. This way is universal both for warmed, and for cold roof. Under ridge level on layer from professional flooring or metal tile the pro-spirit closed by grid is arranged. Such window promotes that in cold season condensate will flow on slope, but not to the room.
- Pediment branches. The roof windows mounted on pediment top are the traditional solution of removal of warm air from the attic-floor rooms located under duo-pitch, broken and valmovy roofs. They provide air exchange only on cold, non-residential attic-floor rooms and have to be closed by decorative grid in order to avoid penetration on the attic of birds.
- The device of outlets on penthouse pediment. Their design differs from pediment withdrawal of cold roofs in the fact that inside the grid with adjustable lamels or back valves is placed if for removal of air the fan is used.
- The aerators mounted in roofing slopes. Way which is known long ago and is applied from time immemorial. The difference is that modern aerators on the design considerably differ from simple pipes which can be seen built in in roofs of houses of the old private sector. They interfere with emergence of condensate which on walls of simple aeration pipes flows down back to the room.
- The incoming valve at penthouse windows. Warm attic-floor rooms are under construction without roof windows, but on normal windows it is necessary to install the incoming valve which will allow is dosed to let in air from the street. The industry releases the incoming valves adjusted both manually and automatically today.
In one case for supply of fresh air in the lower part of overhang of roof protecting grids, so-called, spotlights vertically fasten. The intensity of stream is set by alternation of grids and continuous levels.
The second option essentially does not differ from the first. The same principle, but grids are established vertically. Additional efforts are required for mounting over grids of additional hood mold, but such design serves in the winter not only for ventilation, but also for removal of condensate.