The main sources of water supply of owner-occupied dwellings in most cases are, of course, wells. But sometimes owners of country sites in addition dig out wells in their territory. Perform such work usually in those areas where often there are interruptions in the electric power. Water can be got from well including in the manual way — without use of the pump.
The technology of digging of well does not differ in any special complexity. To equip such source of water supply on the site, unlike the well, it is possible without use of expensive special equipment — the hands.
Main stages of work
Before starting digging of well the hands, of course, it is necessary to choose for it the most suitable place. Actually procedure of arrangement of such water supply source includes the following stages:
- on the site the mine about 80х80 cm in size is dug out;
- walls of the mine get off with boards and bar;
- the clay lock is equipped;
- the protective canopy is mounted;
- the elevator for bucket is made and installed.
Sometimes wells on country sites are dug out also with use of concrete rings. Special equipment can be used to installation of the last. But more often rings nevertheless bury directly when digging the mine manually. In this case the well is equipped approximately on the same technology, as when using for covering of timber.
As it is correct to choose the space for well
It is worth digging out the water-bearing mine of this type, of course, where underground waters most closer approach earth surface. Before starting digging, it is necessary to take an interest in what place wells or wells on neighbour's sites are located. Very often it happens, for example, so that sources in all houses of any given street are approximately on one line. It means that thus underground there passes the zone of water-bearing stratum.
Also it is possible to define the most suitable place of digging of well, using simple national technique of search of water. Such technology as follows looks:
- take several clean half liter cans;
- wipe them with towel from within;
- place banks on all site in different places neck down, it is a little prikopav;
- next day, it is obligatory in the morning, check banks.
In those tanks which have been established over underground water-bearing strata there will be a lot of condensate.
What tools will be necessary
For arrangement of well on the site it will be necessary to prepare:
- ropes and bucket;
- ladder;
- timber or concrete rings;
- crushed stone and clay.
In addition, of course, sovok and bayonet shovels, scrap and also garden wheelbarrow will be necessary for implementation of such procedure.
Wooden well the hands: digging of the mine
It is necessary to dig out the mine at independent arrangement of well, certainly, with assistants. The technology of digging of such water supply source looks approximately as follows:
- in the chosen place on the earth mark circle or square of the necessary sizes;
- begin sample of the earth;
- in process of deepening in soil use ladder of necessary length.
In most cases in the course of digging of well the workers substitute each other approximately everyone half an hour. The earth is thrown out at first upward shovels. In the subsequent it is lifted in buckets. Ropes for this purpose use the strongest.
For descent to the mine it is the best of all to use rope ladder also. It will be rather difficult to collect wooden or metal necessary length, most likely.
How to sheathe the mine timber
This procedure at arrangement of well the hands is usually performed as follows:
- on bottom of the mine the frame of the corresponding sizes from bar keeps within;
- to frame racks on well corners fasten;
- several intermediate bindings and one top get off;
- walls of well are sheathed by board;
- on the part of racks acting over earth surface boards also jam.
Such method of covering is usually used for wells of small depth. Walls of mines more than 6 m in depth protect from fall a little on other technology. When using in this case, for example, apply the following technique to finishing of log:
- dig out the mine on small depth;
- at its bottom establish felling so that he acted over earth surface on three wreaths;
- do underminings under corners of felling and establish in these parts wooden wedges;
- deepen the mine;
- beat out wedges from under felling corners so that it has settled on bottom;
- increase felling.
Act this way until the mine is not dug out up to the end.
Well from concrete rings: instruction of arrangement by the hands
In this case when digging well the technology of deepening is also applied. Works when using concrete rings as follows are performed:
- to the place of future mine the first concrete ring keeps within;
- soil with undermining under ring is taken out;
- after the first ring falls up to the necessary depth, over it the second is established.
Further work is continued in the same order. At the final stage of ring in the mine are fastened with each other by means of metal brackets or plates. Seams at the same time are closed up by concrete solution.
Arrangement of the clay lock
In order that water in well in the subsequent was always clear, it needs to be protected from surface water, in addition. For this purpose it is necessary to equip the clay lock. Do it on such technology:
- dissolve clay with small amount of water and several days draw it;
- add to the received plastic weight of 20% of lime;
- around felling or the top concrete ring of well dig out ditch of 180 cm in depth;
- stack clay weight in ditch layers on 5-10 cm;
- from above equip clay blind area;
- over clay fill crushed stone, and then the earth.
It is desirable to envelop concrete ring before arrangement of the lock in addition roofing material or polyethylene film.
How to make canopy over well
Some wells on country sites are filled with water very quickly and almost to top. Such mines usually just close from above wooden cover. It is possible to get water from such wells just bucket without rope.
But to thicket it happens nevertheless so that water in the mine costs pretty low. In this case over well equip canopy and install in it the elevator for bucket. Most often for increase in convenience of use of mines establish simple rectangular canopies with double-pitch roof.
Assembly of such design as follows is made:
- at the edges of felling at some distance on the central axis in the earth holes under canopy columns are dug out;
- on bottom of holes with tamper crushed stone is filled;
- the ends of the bar chosen for support are coated with bitumen or the fulfilled lubricating oil;
- racks are established strictly vertically on level;
- triangular farms for roof are mounted and connect crossing points.
At the final stage the slopes of canopy are sheathed by board. Further for bigger reliability they it is normal also are closed by roofing material, slate or, for example, professional leaf.
Assembly instruction of the elevator
For production of drum the block at 4-5 cm long less than canopy spacing of props is used. The lifting device in house conditions is made so:
- in log on small depth openings from faces on the center are drilled;
- rods are driven in into openings;
- over rods the rings which are cut out from thick tin are got and fall to block faces;
- rods are welded on rings;
- metal circles fasten on diameter of log self-tapping screws or nails;
- on faces of block metal hoops put on;
- on the middle of pack by means of bracket the chain for bucket fastens.
Further in canopy racks at some height over felling it is necessary to drill openings under rods. After installation of pack over the mine it is necessary to weld the-shaped handle on one of rods. At the final stage of arrangement of well on chain the bucket is fixed.