Underground waters create serious problems at construction of buildings. Installation of the base at their high level has number of restrictions. Choosing foundation of the house under construction in such conditions, take soil type, depth of arrangement of natural liquids and level of freezing of soil into account.
Recommendations
If underground waters lie highly on loams, the sandy, clay or mixed soils, the base needs to be built to depth exceeding soil freezing level. At the same time do withdrawal of underground waters, this action is considered obligatory in these conditions.
When frost depth of soil is less than the level of arrangement of waters, it is possible not to do the correction on soil type, and to plan the base, considering only loading of the built building. Carrying out calculations, do the correction on the level of underground water (LUW) from half a meter to meter towards increase in actual level. For this reason the continuous footing is excluded from possible designs as its price will be very high, and works on construction bulky and costly.
When calculating the base on soils with high UGV do also the correction on sedimentation of weak soil. If there is probability of seasonal floodings, recommend to build buildings, using monolithic reinforced concrete constructions. At the same time piles have to be lower than the level of possible land erosion.
Technology of construction of the base at high UGV
At first dig ditch on base depth then the site is leveled and drained. For this purpose on perimeter of site dig out ditch with space of 50 cm, its depth - 30 cm, and width - about 20 cm. Kanawa is intended for accumulation and drainage of moisture. The bases do not construct in underground waters as the risk of washing away of solution and weakening of the built plate is high. Then on construction site carry out consolidation of soil and concrete preparation. This layer is necessary for alignment of site and placement of waterproofing. After drying it is covered with two layers of roofing material with overlap of each layer in 10-15 cm. Sand and crushed stone at the same time do not use, and do fixing by means of the normal bitumen brought to operating condition. The base will be located below level of underground water therefore concrete slabs, walls and overlappings it is necessary to isolate from moisture. Carrying out roofing material laying, material needs to be removed out of tie limits to protect plate and also to make overlap on the put-up subfoundation walls. After that mount design from iron mesh products and armature, it will need to be filled in with solution. Recommend to create plate 15, 20 or 30 cm thick. What this plate will be thicker, that it will be better to hold the base and walls of the building. After storage of plate, it is possible to start base construction. It is the best of all to use reinforced concrete blocks which form monolithic well. When the works are completed, it will be necessary only to protect the base from underground waters by means of mastic on the basis of bitumen or film waterproofing.